裸子植物传粉滴研究进展

doi:10.11983/CBB14192

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 传粉滴是裸子植物胚珠在传粉期所产生的一种分泌物, 在珠孔处聚集成液滴状。传粉滴的分泌和形成在裸子植物传粉、花粉萌发和受精等有性生殖过程中发挥重要作用。该文综合国内外裸子植物传粉滴的研究进展, 并结合作者近年来所取得的实验结果, 全面综述了传粉滴的产生、分泌规律、成分、收缩机制以及在有性生殖过程中的功能, 系统总结了传粉滴选择和识别花粉功能, 以及促进花粉萌发与花粉管生长和防御病菌侵染等方面的作用。此外, 文中还提出了传粉滴研究存在的一些问题, 并从生物化学和分子生物学层面进一步明确了传粉滴与花粉之间相互作用的分子机理。

Abstract: Pollination drops (PDs), as secreted fluid, are produced by ovules and protrude from the micropyle during pollination and fertilization of gymnosperms. PDs play an important role in sexual reproduction, including pollen capture, pollen germination and fertilization. In this review, based on recent advances in PDs of gymnosperms and our recent progress in this field, we introduce in detail PD production, secretion behavior, components, PD withdrawal and PD function in gymnosperms. In particular, we highlight the role of PDs during wind pollination and fertilization and summarize the multiple roles in distinguishing or carrying pollen and promoting pollen germination, apart from the defense function to protect ovules from microbial infection. We describe existing problems in relation to future directions to reveal the molecular mechanism of pollen—PD interactions by biochemistry and molecular biology.

王莉, 程芳梅, 陆彦, 金飚. 裸子植物传粉滴研究进展. 植物学报, 2015, 50(6): 802-812.

Li Wang, Fangmei Cheng, Yan Lu, Biao Jin. Research Progress in Pollination Drops of Gymnosperms. Chinese Bulletin of Botany, 2015, 50(6): 802-812.

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链接本文: https://www.chinbullbotany.com/CN/10.11983/CBB14192

https://www.chinbullbotany.com/CN/Y2015/V50/I6/802

图/表 3

图1 不同裸子植物珠孔分泌的传粉滴(A) 苏铁(http://www.montgomerybotanical.org/Pages/Current.htm); (B) 银杏(Jin et al., 2012c); (C) 乔赫松(Flores-Rentería et al., 2013); (D) 欧洲刺柏(Nepi et al., 2009); (E) 美国扁柏(Coulter et al., 2012); (F) 地中海柏木(Nepi et al., 2009); (G) 侧柏(Dörkena and Jagel, 2014); (H) 巨杉(Takaso and Owens,1996b); (I) 花旗松(Coulter et al., 2012); (J) 柱冠粗榧(https://facultystaff. richmond.edu/~jhayden/landscape_plants/late_fall_woody_plants/Late Fall Woody Plants.html); (K) 罗汉松; (L) 欧洲紫杉(Nepi et al., 2009); (M) 曼地亚红豆杉(Coulter et al., 2012); (N) 千岁兰(http://www.eoearth.org/view/article/51cbf2077896bb431f 6a7979); (O) 藤麻黄(http://nhc.asu.edu/vpherbarium/sbond/index.html)。Bar=1 mm

Figure 1 Ovular secretion in different gymnosperm species (A) Cycas (http://www.montgomerybotanical.org/Pages/Current.htm); (B) Ginkgo biloba (Jin et al., 2012c); (C) Pinus johannis (Flores-Rentería et al., 2013); (D) Juniperus communis (Nepi et al., 2009); (E) Chamaecyparis lawsoniana (Coulter et al., 2012); (F) Cupressus sempervirens (Nepi et al., 2009); (G) Platycladus orientalis (Dörkena and Jagel, 2014); (H) Sequoiadendron giganteum (Takaso and Owens,1996b); (I) Pseudotsuga menziesii (Coulter et al., 2012); (J) Cephalotaxus harringtonia (https:// facultystaff.richmond.edu/~jhayden/landscape_plants/late_fall_woody_plants/Late Fall Woody Plants.html); (K) Podocarpus macrop- hyllus; (L) Taxus baccata (Nepi et al., 2009); (M) Taxus media (Coulter et al., 2012); (N) Welwitschia mirabilis (http://www.eoearth. org/view/article/51cbf2077896bb431f6a7979); (O) Ephedra antisyphilitica (http://nhc.asu.edu/vpherbarium/sbond/index.html). Bar=1 mm

图2 裸子植物传粉滴产生和收缩过程(A) 胚珠珠心和珠被组织分化形成; (B) 传粉前珠孔尚未张开, 雌配子体开始发育, 珠心组织位于近珠孔端; (C) 珠心分泌形成传粉滴, 并从珠孔处溢出, 传粉滴中富含糖类、氨基酸、钙离子和多种功能蛋白; (D) 传粉滴可以选择同源花粉, 排除异源花粉; 由于花粉的刺激以及外界光照和空气湿度的影响, 传粉滴逐渐收缩; 同时, 珠心组织停止分泌传粉滴; (E) 传粉结束后, 传粉滴收缩, 花粉随之进入胚珠内, 珠孔逐渐闭合。A: 颈卵器; I: 珠被; PD: 传粉滴; M: 珠孔; N: 珠心

Figure 2 Production and withdraw of pollination drops in gymnosperm(A) The differentiation and formation of nucellus and integument; (B) Before pollination, the micropyle do not open, female gametophyte begins to develop, and nucellus locates near the micropyle; (C) Pollination drops are secreted by nucellus, and exudate from micropyle; The components of pollination drops are sugar, amino acids, calcium and some functional proteins; (D) Pollination drops can distinguish self-pollen and eliminate foreign-pollen; Due to the stimulation of pollen grains, and the effect of outside light and air humidity, pollination drop can withdraw, nucellus tissue stop secreting pollination drops; (E) After pollination, pollen grains enter the ovule along with the pollination drop withdrawal, and micropyle gradually closes. A: Archegonia; I: Integument; PD: Pollination drop; M: Micropyle; N: Nucellus

图3 不同种类花粉在银杏传粉滴中的行为(Jin et al., 2012c) (A) 被子植物虫媒传粉花粉(牡丹); (B) 被子植物风媒传粉花粉(垂柳); (C) 裸子植物具气囊花粉(日本冷杉); (D) 裸子植物不具气囊花粉(银杏)。P: 花粉; O: 胚珠。Bar=1 mm

Figure 3 Behavior of pollen from different species in the pollination drops of Ginkgo biloba (Jin et al., 2012c) (A) Pollen of insect-pollinated angiosperms (Paeonia suffruticosa); (B) Pollen of wind-pollinated angiosperms (Salix babylonica); (C) Saccate pollen of gymnosperm (Abies firma); (D) Non-saccate pollen of gymnosperm (Ginkgo biloba). P: Pollen; O: Ovule. Bar=1 mm

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