一份水稻叶片反卷突变体的遗传分析及电镜显微观察

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1259.2015.00191

植物学报 ›› 2015, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (2): 191-197.DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1259.2015.00191

一份水稻叶片反卷突变体的遗传分析及电镜显微观察

邹良平^1,², 张治国¹, 起登凤², 孙建波², 路铁刚¹, 彭明^2,^*()

¹中国农业科学院生物技术研究所农作物基因资源与基因改良国家重大科学工程, 北京 100081
²中国热带农业科学院热带生物技术研究所, 海口 571101

收稿日期:2014-02-10 接受日期:2014-07-07 出版日期:2015-03-01 发布日期:2015-04-10
通讯作者: 彭明
作者简介:
? 共同第一作者
基金资助:
国家重大基础研究发展计划(No.2010CB126600)

Genetic Analysis and Scanning Electron Microscopy of an Abaxial Rolled-leaf Mutant in Rice

Liangping Zou^{1, 2}, Zhiguo Zhang¹, Dengfeng Qi², Jianbo Sun², Tiegang Lu¹, Ming Peng^{2, *}

¹Biotechnology Research Institute/National Key Facility for Genetic Resources and Gene Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
²Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China

Received:2014-02-10 Accepted:2014-07-07 Online:2015-03-01 Published:2015-04-10
Contact: Peng Ming
About author:
? These authors contributed equally to this paper

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 叶片是植物进行光合作用的重要器官。叶片适度卷曲能够提高水稻(Oryza sativa)生长中后期群体基部的光能利用率, 因而有利于水稻产量的提高。该研究首先在水稻T-DNA插入突变体库中发现一份叶片反卷的突变体。遗传分析表明, 该性状受到1对隐性核基因控制。扫描电镜观察结果显示, 突变体成熟叶片上下表皮的气孔发生了畸变; 且叶片上表皮气孔数目增多, 而下表皮气孔数目与野生型基本相同。叶片横切面电镜观察结果表明, 与野生型相比, 突变体叶片的泡状细胞数目和面积在早期(二叶期)就开始增加, 在成熟期更加明显, 这可能是导致叶片反卷的主要原因。

Abstract: The leafs has long been considered an important organ for photosynthesis. Moderate leaf rolling in rice leads to erect leaf canopies and increased photosynthetic efficiency, improving stress response by reducing transpirational water loss and radiant heat absorption, thereby increasing grain yield. Therefore, moderate leaf rolling is an ideal trait for rice breeding. During screening of rice T-DNA insertion lines, a stable mutant showing abaxial rolled-leaf phenotype was obtained. Genetic analyses of heterozygous F₁progeny showed that the mutant phenotype segregated in a 3:1 ratio of wild-type and mutant-like plants, so the leaf-rolling phenotype was caused by a single recessive mutation. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that stomatal phenotypes of mature leaves were changed and stoma number was increased in the mutant compared with wild type. In cross sectons taken from similar positions, the bulliform cell number and area were larger in the mutant than the wild type, which suggests that the outcurved leaf phenotype may be caused by the increase in bulliform cell number and size.

邹良平, 张治国, 起登凤, 孙建波, 路铁刚, 彭明. 一份水稻叶片反卷突变体的遗传分析及电镜显微观察. 植物学报, 2015, 50(2): 191-197.

Liangping Zou, Zhiguo Zhang, Dengfeng Qi, Jianbo Sun, Tiegang Lu, Ming Peng. Genetic Analysis and Scanning Electron Microscopy of an Abaxial Rolled-leaf Mutant in Rice. Chinese Bulletin of Botany, 2015, 50(2): 191-197.

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图/表 6

图1 水稻野生型(Wt)和突变体(Tu)的叶片表型(A-E)及叶形指数(F, G) (A) Bar=10 cm; (B)-(E) Bar=5 mm。* 表示差异显著(P<0.05)

Figure 1 Leaf morphology (A-E) and leaf index (F, G) of wild type (Wt) and mutant (Tu) in Oryza sativa (A) Bar=10 cm; (B)-(E) Bar=5 mm . * Significant differences compared with the wild type (P<0.05)

表1 水稻突变体的遗传分析

Table 1 Genetic analysis of rolled-leaf mutant in Oryza sativa

Cross combination	Number of plants	Leaf morphology of F₂		χ²	Segregation of ratio
Cross combination	Number of plants	Number of normal plants	Number of rolled leaves	χ²	Segregation of ratio
Nipponbare × Mutant	54	42	12	0.099	3:1
Mutant × Nipponbare	59	45	14	0.005 6	3:1

图2 水稻突变体和野生型幼苗期叶片的扫描电镜观察 (A) 野生型幼叶近轴面(上表面); (B) 野生型幼叶远轴面(下表面); (C) 野生型幼叶近轴面的气孔; (D) 野生型幼叶远轴面的气孔; (E) 突变体幼叶近轴面; (F) 突变体幼叶远轴面; (G) 突变体幼叶近轴面的气孔; (H) 突变体幼叶远轴面的气孔。br: 刚毛; lm: 大乳突; sm: 小乳突; st: 气孔。Bar=100 μm

Figure 2 Scanning electron microscopic observation for seedling leaves of wild type and mutant in Oryza sativa (A) Adaxial epidermis of seedling leaves in wild type; (B) Abaxial epidermis of seedling leaves in wild type; (C) Adaxial stomata of seedling leaves in wild type; (D) Abaxial stomata of seedling leaves in wild type; (E) Adaxial epidermis of seedling leaves in the mutant; (F) Abaxial epidermis of seedling leaves in the mutant; (G) Adaxial stomata of seedling leaves in the mutant; (H) Abaxial stomata of seedling leaves in the mutant. br: Bristle; lm: Large mastoid; sm: Small mastoid; st: Stoma. Bar=100 μm

图3 水稻幼叶横切面扫描电镜观察 (A) 野生型幼叶横切面泡状细胞形态和数目; (B) 突变体幼叶横切面泡状细胞形态和数目; (C) 两叶脉之间泡状细胞数目的统计。(A)图和(B)图中阿拉伯数字分别代表泡状细胞个数。Bar=100 μm

Figure 3 Scanning electron microscopic for cross section of seedling leaves in Oryza sativa (A) Bulliform cell morphology and number of seedling leaves in wild type; (B) Bulliform cell morphology and number of seedling leaves in the mutant; (C) The bulliform cell number of mutant (Tu) are increased between vascular bundle ridges. Arabic numbers represent bulliform cell number in Figures A and B. Bar=100 μm

图4 水稻突变体和野生型成熟叶片的扫描电镜观察 (A) 野生型成熟叶近轴面(上表面); (B) 野生型成熟叶远轴面(下表面); (C) 野生型成熟叶近轴面的气孔; (D) 野生型成熟叶远轴面的气孔; (E) 突变体成熟叶近轴面; (F) 突变体成熟叶远轴面; (G) 突变体成熟叶近轴面的气孔; (H) 突变体成熟叶远轴面的气孔。br: 刚毛; cc: 木栓细胞; lm: 大乳突; sm: 小乳突; st: 气孔。Bar=100 μm

Figure 4 Scanning electron microscopic observation for matured leaves of wild type and mutant in Oryza sativa (A) Adaxial epidermis of matured leaves in wild type; (B) Abaxial epidermis of matured leaves in wild type; (C) Adaxial stomata of matured leaves in wild type; (D) Abaxial stomata of matured leaves in wild type; (E) Adaxial epidermis of matured leaves in the mutant; (F) Abaxial epidermis of matured leaves in the mutant; (G) Adaxial stomata of matured leaves in the mutant; (H) Abaxial stomata of matured leaves in mutant. br: Bristle; cc: Cork cell; lm: Large mastoid; sm: Small mastoid; st: Stoma. Bar=100 μm

图5 水稻成熟叶横切面扫描电镜观察 (A) 野生型成熟叶横切面泡状细胞形态和数目; (B) 突变体成熟叶横切面泡状细胞形态和数目; (C) 两叶脉之间泡状细胞数目的统计。(A)图和(B)图中阿拉伯数字分别代表泡状细胞个数。Bar=100 μm

Figure 5 Scanning electron microscopic for cross section of matured leaves in Oryza sativa (A) Bulliform cell morphology and number of matured leaves in wild type; (B) Bulliform cell morphology and number of matured leaves in the mutant; (C) The bulliform cell number of mutant (Tu) are increased between vascular bundle ridges. Arabic numbers represent bulliform cell number in Figures A and B. Bar=100 μm

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一份水稻叶片反卷突变体的遗传分析及电镜显微观察

Genetic Analysis and Scanning Electron Microscopy of an Abaxial Rolled-leaf Mutant in Rice

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