秦岭北麓华北落叶松林地土壤有效性钾含量变化

doi:10.11983/CBB14161

植物学报 ›› 2015, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (4): 482-489.DOI: 10.11983/CBB14161

秦岭北麓华北落叶松林地土壤有效性钾含量变化

陈钦程¹, 徐福利^2,^*(), 王渭玲¹, 林云¹

¹西北农林科技大学, 杨凌 712100
²中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所, 杨凌 712100

收稿日期:2014-09-01 接受日期:2015-03-20 出版日期:2015-07-01 发布日期:2015-05-07
通讯作者: 徐福利
作者简介:
? 共同第一作者
基金资助:
十二五国家重点基础研究发展计划(No.2012CB416902)

Seasonal Dynamics in Soil Content of Effective Potassium for Different Ages of Larix principis-rupprechtii in the Northern Foot of the Qinling Mountains

Qincheng Chen¹, Fuli Xu^{2, *}, Weiling Wang¹, Yun Lin¹

¹Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
²Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, China

Received:2014-09-01 Accepted:2015-03-20 Online:2015-07-01 Published:2015-05-07
Contact: Xu Fuli
About author:
? These authors contributed equally to this paper

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探索华北落叶松(Larix principis-rupprechtii)人工林土壤有效性钾的钾素形态分布与含量变化规律, 定期取样并测定了幼龄林(5a, 10a)、中龄林(20a)、近熟林(30a)及成熟林(40a)的土壤有效钾含量。结果表明, 速效钾含量在0-20 cm土层高于20-40 cm与40-60 cm土层; 在0-20 cm土层中, 年内不同生育期不同林龄间速效钾含量差异显著(P<0.05); 在0-20 cm土层, 土壤缓效钾和有效钾含量与其它土层含量差异不显著, 年内不同生育期间土壤缓效钾和有效钾含量差异未达到显著性水平。随着林龄的增加, 土壤速效钾呈先增加后降低的趋势, 土壤有效钾与缓效钾呈下降趋势, 成熟林(40a)的土壤有效钾与缓效钾含量明显低于其它林龄。研究区域各林龄华北落叶松人工林土壤速效钾与缓效钾在含量分级标准中达到中等及高等含量水平, 有效钾含量丰富。

Abstract: The soil content of available K for 5a, 10a, 20a, 30a, 40a Larix principis-rupprechtii in the northern foot of the Qinling Mountains was analyzed from May to October to determine the seasonal dynamics in content of available K for L. principis-rupprechtii at different ages. The available K content at 0 to 20 cm in different months for different ages of L. principis-rupprechtii was higher than at the soil depth of 20 to 40 cm’ and 40 to 60 cm’. The soil content of available K at soil depth 0 to 20 cm in different months for different tree ages significantly differed (P<0.05). The soil content of effective K and slow-K at 0 to 20 cm in different months for different tree ages was higher than at the soil depth of 20 to 40 cm’ and 40 to 60 cm’. The soil content of effective K and slow-K at soil depth 0 to 20 cm in different months for different tree ages did not differ (P<0.05). At soil depth 0 to 20 cm, the soil content of available K at different tree ages had a parabolic variation, increasing first and then decreasing, whereas that of effective K and slow-K at different tree ages had a decreasing variation; the soil content of effective K and slow-K of 40a L. principis-rupprechtii was higher than at other ages. The soil content of available K and slow-K for different ages of L. principis-rupprechtii without fertilization reached the middle and high levels, so the soil content of effective K was adequate.

陈钦程, 徐福利, 王渭玲, 林云. 秦岭北麓华北落叶松林地土壤有效性钾含量变化. 植物学报, 2015, 50(4): 482-489.

Qincheng Chen, Fuli Xu, Weiling Wang, Yun Lin. Seasonal Dynamics in Soil Content of Effective Potassium for Different Ages of Larix principis-rupprechtii in the Northern Foot of the Qinling Mountains. Chinese Bulletin of Botany, 2015, 50(4): 482-489.

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图/表 8

参考文献 33

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Age (a)	Forest types	Exposure	Slope position	Slope (°)	Elevation (m)	Stand density (1∙hm^-2)	Average tree height (m)	Average diameter at breast height (cm)
5	Young forest	Northeast	Mesoslope	20-25	1 680-1 700	1 500	4.8	4.46
10	Young forest	Northeast	Mesoslope	20-25	1 650-1 690	1 700	8.6	7.32
20	Middle-aged forest	Northwest	Baseslope	10-15	1 620-1 700	1 750	10.23	10.23
30	Nearly mature forest	Northeast	Mesoslope	25-30	1 700-1 850	1 750	19.1	18.44
40	Mature forest	East	Baseslope	20-25	2 100-2 360	1 800	25.2	19.20

Age (a)	Forest types	Exposure	Slope position	Slope (°)	Elevation (m)	Stand density (1∙hm^-2)	Average tree height (m)	Average diameter at breast height (cm)
5	Young forest	Northeast	Mesoslope	20-25	1 680-1 700	1 500	4.8	4.46
10	Young forest	Northeast	Mesoslope	20-25	1 650-1 690	1 700	8.6	7.32
20	Middle-aged forest	Northwest	Baseslope	10-15	1 620-1 700	1 750	10.23	10.23
30	Nearly mature forest	Northeast	Mesoslope	25-30	1 700-1 850	1 750	19.1	18.44
40	Mature forest	East	Baseslope	20-25	2 100-2 360	1 800	25.2	19.20

Age (a)	Soil organic matter (g∙kg^-1)	Moisture (%)	Soil pH	Soil NO₃-N (mg∙kg^-1)	Soil nitrogen (g∙kg^-1)	Available phosphorus (mg∙kg^-1)	The style of soil	Soil-forming rock
5	18.68	15.63	6.52	29.41	1.18	3.17	Brown soil	Gneiss, mica, feldspar
10	20.36	13.94	6.61	21.35	1.21	10.26	Brown soil	Gneiss, mica, feldspar
20	25.89	15.37	6.71	49.86	1.44	2.49	Brown soil	Gneiss, mica, feldspar
30	39.55	17.54	6.46	87.79	2.17	4.36	Brown soil	Granite, metamorphic granite
40	57.14	18.76	6.17	123.93	3.35	7.65	Brown soil	Granite, metamorphic granite

Age (a)	Soil organic matter (g∙kg^-1)	Moisture (%)	Soil pH	Soil NO₃-N (mg∙kg^-1)	Soil nitrogen (g∙kg^-1)	Available phosphorus (mg∙kg^-1)	The style of soil	Soil-forming rock
5	18.68	15.63	6.52	29.41	1.18	3.17	Brown soil	Gneiss, mica, feldspar
10	20.36	13.94	6.61	21.35	1.21	10.26	Brown soil	Gneiss, mica, feldspar
20	25.89	15.37	6.71	49.86	1.44	2.49	Brown soil	Gneiss, mica, feldspar
30	39.55	17.54	6.46	87.79	2.17	4.36	Brown soil	Granite, metamorphic granite
40	57.14	18.76	6.17	123.93	3.35	7.65	Brown soil	Granite, metamorphic granite

Soil depth (cm)	Forest age (a)	Soil content of slow-K (mg∙kg^-1)	Soil content of available K (mg∙kg^-1)	Soil content of effective K (mg∙kg^-1)	Soil content of slow-K accounted for the proportion of effective K (%)	Soil content of available K accounted for the proportion of effective K (%)
0-20	5 10 20 30 40	1 817.00±10.00 A 1 430.33±8.08 B 898.00±79.37 D 1 213.33±14.84 C 805.67±15.54 E	103±1.00 B 117.67±0.58 A 59.67±2.31 D 119.33±1.15 A 77.33±1.15 C	1 920.00 A 1 548.00 B 957.67 D 1 431.67 C 883.00 E	95 92 94 92 94	5 8 6 8 6
20-40	5 10 20 30	1 546.33±30.01 B 1 130.33±1.58 C 1 444.00±57.17 B 1 870.00±26.54 A	70.33±0.58 D 77.67±0.58 B 79.67±0.58 A 76.33±1.01 C	1 616.00 B 1 208.00 D 1 523.67 C 1 940.33 A	96 94 95 96	4 6 5 4
	40	1 533.67±48.62 B	75.00±2.15 C	1 608.67 B	88	12
40-60	5	1 121.67±12.5 A	75.00±1.73 B	1 196.00 A	94	6
	10	1 162.67±49.65 A	72.00±1.43 C	1 234.67 A	94	6
	20	1 152.67±37.99 A	64.00±1.53 C	1 216.67 A	95	5
	30	-	-	-	-	-
	40	494.00±54.48 C	114.67±0.95 A	598.67 B	81	19

秦岭北麓华北落叶松林地土壤有效性钾含量变化

Seasonal Dynamics in Soil Content of Effective Potassium for Different Ages of Larix principis-rupprechtii in the Northern Foot of the Qinling Mountains

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Soil depth (cm)	Forest age (a)	Soil content of slow-K (mg∙kg^-1)	Soil content of available K (mg∙kg^-1)	Soil content of effective K (mg∙kg^-1)	Soil content of slow-K accounted for the proportion of effective K (%)	Soil content of available K accounted for the proportion of effective K (%)
0-20	5 10 20 30 40	1 041.67±69.01 A 1 319.67±6.35 AB 1 199.00±11.36 B 1 045.33±95.11 B 573.33±10.69 C	145.00±4.36 C 153.67±0.58 C 104.33±1.53 D 264.67±12.70 A 193.33±11.59 B	1 186.67 B 1 473.33 A 1 303.33 AB 1 310.00 AB 766.67 C	88 90 92 80 75	12 10 8 20 25
20-40	5 10 20 30	893.67±85.45 C 1 028.33±27.43 B 887.67±16.17 C 1 192.00±10.39 A	96.33±1.53 B 118.33±1.53 A 85.67±4.62 C 121.33±1.15 A	990.0 C 1 146.67 B 973.33 C 1 313.33 A	90 90 91 91	10 10 9 9
	40	511.3±9.50 D	98.67±0.58 B	610.00 D	84	16
40-60	5	1 011.33±18.77 A	112.00±4.36 A	1 123.33 A	90	10
	10	977.33±9.81 AB	119.33±4.04 A	1 096.67 A	89	11
	20	943.33±17.93 B	86.67±1.15 B	1 030.00 B	88	12
	30	-	-	-	-	-
	40	524.67±10.69 C	115.33±10.69 A	640.00 C	22	78

Soil depth (cm)	Forest age (a)	Soil content of slow-K (mg∙kg^-1)	Soil content of available K (mg∙kg^-1)	Soil content of effective K (mg∙kg^-1)	Soil content of slow-K accounted for the proportion of effective K (%)	Soil content of available K accounted for the proportion of effective K (%)
0-20	5 10 20 30 40	1 472.33±14.29 B 1 781.33±28.11 A 1 016.00±20.42 C 1 016.33±55.72 C 321.00±96.23 D	131.00±1.00 A 175.33±8.39 C 90.67±0.58 E 153.67±6.66 D 289.00±1.00 B	1 603.33 B 1 956.67 A 1 106.67 C 1 170.00 C 610.00 D	92 91 92 87 53	8 9 8 13 47
20-40	5 10 20 30	1 306.33±12.42 B 1 356.33±21.03 B 892.00±19.25 D 1 538.00±66.71 A	87.00±1.00 C 103.33±1.53 A 78.00±1.36 D 92.33±1.00 B	1 393.33 C 1 460.00 B 970.00 E 1 630.33 A	94 93 92 94	6 7 8 6
	40	1 151.67±15.28 C	75.00±3.24 E	1 226.67 D	94	6
40-60	5	1 362.67±29.02 A	87.33±1.53 B	1 450.00 Aa	94	6
	10	1 278.67±5.13 A	101.33±7.51 A	1 380.00 Aa	93	7
	20	885.67±12.34 B	74.33±3.51 C	960.00 cB	92	8
	30	-	-	-	-	-
	40	983.67±70.95 B	73.00±5.67 C	1 056.67 bB	93	7

	Soil pH	Soil water	Soil organic carbon
Soil content of available K	-0.85*	0.85*	0.93**
Soil content of slow-K	0.76	-0.81*	-0.92*
Soil content of effective K	0.73	0.81	-0.89*