Abstract: The cultivated sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is a high_yield resourceful plant with high value nutrition. The oilseed sunflower has been one of the most important oilseed crops all over the world up to now. The edible sunflower, however, continues more and more increase in production as a source of human food. A review was given in this paper with advance in study on sunflower molecular biology, such as protein, enzyme, genome, gene engineering, biotechnology, etc. The application of molecular marker technology in study of sunflower was presented especially.