Abstract: This paper summarizes and discusses the characteristics of the distribution of the Carboniferous and Permian floras in China. On the basis of the analysis of the floral composition, the Early Carboniferous (Tournaisian, Visean, and Namurian A) flora is considered to be a global uniform flora: the Lepidodendropsis flora. The Late Carboniferous (Namurian B_C, westphalian, and stephanian) and Permian floras of China represent the Cathaysia flora. The paper makes the comparison between the floras of the northern and southern floral subprovinces and deals with the differences of the two floras in composition.