Abstract: It is regarded that genus Camellia with indefinite number of stamins and especially 5 nearly free to variously incomplete connated carpels from a few section is assumed to be the primitive genus in Theaceae.The evolution and distribution of this genus are discussed.The resslts are summarized as follows:(1)According to the morphological characters of main organs(flower and fruit),a taxonomic system consisted of 2 subgenera and 14 sections, including 1 new section are presented here.

Key words: Camellia, Evolution, Distribution