Capturing, protecting and restoring plant diversity in the UK: RBG Kew and the Millennium Seed Bank
Ted Chapman, Stephanie Miles, Clare Trivedi
Plant Diversity
2019, 41 ( 02):
124-131.
DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2018.06.001
Ex situ seed banking is a practical and cost-effective means of preserving wild plant diversity and a crucial complement to the in situ conservation and restoration of species and habitats. As pressures on the natural environment have grown, so has the call for seed banks to provide scientifically-robust, practical solutions to seed-related problems in nature conservation, from single-species recovery and reintroduction to the restoration of complex, dynamic communities at the largest scales. In this paper, we discuss how the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and its Millennium Seed Bank have responded to this call in the United Kingdom. We demonstrate that banked seed collections can provide a range of otherwiseunavailable, high quality, known-origin, genetically-diverse biological materials. The data, expertise and specialist facilities that accompany these collections are also valuable, helping overcome constraints to the collection, production and effective use of native seed. Challenges remain - to ensure ex situ collections protect the species and genetic diversity that will enable plants to adapt to a changing environment, and to find new ways for seed banks to mobilise their resources at a landscape scale.
| 报道条数 No. of counts | 种数 No. of species (%) | 总数 Total | 新多倍体 Neopolyploids | 古多倍体 Paleopolyploids | 二倍体 Diploids | 分布型 Areal-type | | | | | | 世界分布 Cosmopolitan | 177 | 139 | 38 (27.3) | 21 (15.1) | 80 (57.6) | 泛热带分布 Pantropic | 37 | 33 | 3 (9.1) | 15 (45.5) | 15 (45.5) | 东亚(热带、亚热带)及热带南美间断 East Asia (Tropical & Subtropical) & Tropical South America disjuncted | 1 | 1 | 0 (0.0) | 1 (100) | 0 (0.0) | 旧世界热带分布 Old World Tropics | 111 | 83 | 26 (31.3) | 28 (33.7) | 29 (34.9) | 热带亚洲至热带大洋洲分布 Tropical Asia to Tropical Australasia Oceania | 5 | 5 | 2 (40.0) | 2 (40.0) | 1 (20.0) | 热带亚洲至热带非洲分布 Tropical Asia to Tropical Africa | 18 | 11 | 2 (18.2) | 4 (36.4) | 5 (45.5) | 热带亚洲(印度-马来西亚)分布 Tropical Southeast Asia to Indo-Malaya & Tropical Southwest Pacific Islands | 43 | 26 | 7 (26.9) | 16 (61.5) | 3 (11.5) | 北温带分布 North Temperate | 838 | 516 | 118 (22.9) | 185 (35.8) | 213 (41.3) | 东亚和北美洲间断分布 East Asia & North America disjuncted | 18 | 12 | 2 (16.7) | 6 (50) | 4 (33.3) | 旧世界温带 Old World Temperate | 11 | 11 | 2 (18.2) | 3 (27.3) | 6 (54.5) | 温带亚洲分布 Temperate Asia | 29 | 21 | 5 (23.8) | 6 (28.6) | 10 (47.6) | 地中海区、西亚至中亚分布 Mediterranean & West to Central Asia | 1 | 1 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (100.0) | 中亚分布 Central Asia | 21 | 17 | 3 (17.6) | 6 (35.3) | 8 (47.1) | 东亚分布 East Asia | 150 | 101 | 20 (19.8) | 36 (35.6) | 45 (44.6) | 中国特有分布 Endemic to China | 31 | 24 | 2 (8.3) | 9 (37.5) | 13 (54.2) | 小计 Subtotal | 1,491 | 1,001 | 230 (23.0) | 338 (33.7) | 433 (43.3) | 生活型 Life form | | | | | | 一年生草本 Annual herb | 139 | 96 | 19 (19.8) | 18 (18.8) | 59 (61.5) | 多年生草本 Perennial herb | 1,208 | 796 | 182 (22.9) | 289 (36.3) | 325 (40.8) | 木本 Woody | 144 | 109 | 29 (26.6) | 31 (28.4) | 49 (45.0) | 小计 Subtotal | 1,491 | 1,001 | 230 (23.0) | 338 (33.7) | 433 (43.3) | 海拔 Altitude | | | | | | <1,000 m | 51 | 38 | 13 (34.2) | 7 (18.4) | 18 (47.4) | 1,000-2,000 m | 145 | 101 | 28 (27.7) | 25 (24.8) | 48 (47.5) | 2,000-3,000 m | 222 | 156 | 24 (15.4) | 77 (49.4) | 55 (35.3) | 3,000-4,000 m | 411 | 255 | 65 (25.5) | 102 (40) | 88 (34.5) | 4,000-5,000 m | 196 | 122 | 27 (22.1) | 35 (28.7) | 60 (49.2) | > 5,000 m | 9 | 6 | 3 (50.0) | 1 (16.7) | 2 (33.3) | 小计 Subtotal | 1,034 | 678 | 160 (23.6) | 247 (36.4) | 271 (40.0) |
Table 1
A summary of ploidy distribution of angiosperms from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and Hengduan Mountains according to their areal-types, life forms, and altitudes
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