Four compounds were isolated from leaves of Goniothalamus griffithii. Their structures were determined by means of spectral method. Three of them were identified as goniodiol monoacetate (Il ), β- sitosterol (lII) and β- daucosterol (IV). One of them was new, whose struc-ture was elucidated as cycloat- 23-ene 16β, 25-diol named as griffithine A (I).

Seven constituents were isolated from roots of Momordica dioica. Their structures were elucidated by spectra analyses (MS, IR, UV, 1H NMR, 13C NMR). Two new compounds were es-tablished to be 3β- o- benzoylu-ll -oxo- ursolic acid and 3β- o- benzoyl- 6- oxo ursolic acid. Five known compounds were established to be oleanolic acid, gypsogenin, hederagenin, α-spinasterol and stearic acid.

From the aerial parts of Bidens bipinnala Linn., three phenylpropanoid glucosidest i.e.4-O-(6" -O-p-coumaroyl-β-D- glucopyranosyl)- p- coumaric acid (1), 4-O-(2" -O- acetyl-6"--O-p-coumaroyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl) -p- coumaric acid (2) and 4-O- (2" ,4" -O- diacetyl-6" -O-p-coumaroyl-β-D- glucopyranosyl)-p- coumaric acid (3) were isolated.Among them, phenylpropanoid glucoside (3) was a new compound. Additionally, (Z)-u- O- (4" ,6 " -diacetyl-β- D- glucopyranosyl)-6,7,3' ,4' tetrahydroxyaurone (4), 3β-gluco-β-sitosterol (5), 3β-gluco-stigmasterol (6), butanedioic acid (7)and 3β-D--glucopyra-nosyloxy-l-hydroxy 6(E)-tetradecene-8, 10,12-triyne (8) were also obtained.

From the roots of Silene szechuensis, a folk herb of Yunnan named "wa cao", three new cyclopeptides silenins A-C were isolated. The structures were elucidated by the spectral and chem-ical methods as silenin A-cyclo-(Pro-Leu-Ser-Phe- silenin B-cyclo-(Phe-Leu-Ala-Pro-Leu-Pro-Phe-Pro), silenin C--- cyclo- (Tyr-Ala-Phe-Pro-Gly-Phe- Tyr-Pro).

Based on the research results of structures, this paper discusses the biomimetic synthesis and chemical relationship of diterpenoids and diterpene alkaloids, as well as comprehensive in-formation including geographic distribution, cytology and morphology of Spiraea japonica com-plex, chemotaxonomy of this complex. (1) Diterpenoid bearing aldehyde group is a possible biosynthetic predecessor of spiramine alkaloids. (2) Spiraea japonica complex is a particular and relatively independent group in Spiraea. (3) South and West China especially Hengduan Mountain is the centre of modern differentiation, probably the original centre of this complex. (4) Some vari-eties have been combined.

This paper reports the establishment of an efficient transformation system for Tax us brevi,folia, using Agrobacterium rhizogenes A4(ATCC31798). Hairy roots are induced from shoot explants after 30- 35 d inoculation with the bacteria. Frequency of the explants transformation by A4 is 30% after 40 d. Transformation is confirmed by agropine monoclonal antibody ELISA ana-lysis. The average value of biomass of hairy root cultures suspended in hormone free B5 medium increases 8.67 times after 20 d culture. It is 2.9 times as much as callus cu1ture from T.brevifhlia in the same culture condition. The hairy root culture can synthesize taxol whose content is l.3- 8 times as much as that in the callus from T. brevifolia. Taxol can also be detected in growth me-dium.

The present paper deals with the karyotype analysis of three species in the Abies (Pinaceae) from East Asia including A. georgei Orr var.smithii (Viguie et Gaussen) Cheng et L. K. Fu, A.nephrolepis(Trautv.) Maxim. and A.holophylla Maxim. The karyotype fmulas of the spe- cies are K(2n) = 24= 18m(2SC)+6sm, 18m(6SC)+6sm and 14m(6SC)+10sm respectively. Their chromosome complements are 2n = 24 = 4L+8M2+10Ml+2S, 4L+8M2+8Ml+4S and 2L+12M2+8Ml+2S according to the standard defined by Kuo et al (l972) based on relative length. They belong to 2A type of Stebbins' karyotypic asymmetry. The karyotypes of the species are reported for the first time. The karyotype of A. nephrolepis is more symmetry and more primi-tive than that of A.georgei var.smithii and A.holoPhylla.

The authors have studied more than 300 specimens from China and the type specimens of the genus Anoectangium, deposited in NY, H, NICH etc. All type specimens are re-examinated and illustrated from each type materials, with the result that is remedy for the original published papers. which almost had no figure issued yet. Comments are made on the revised the Anoectangium fauriei Card. to A.thomsonii Mitt. as presently constituted, A.euchloron(Schwaegr.) Mitt. is considered to be a synonym of A.aestivum (Hedw.) Mitt.

Species L. liatroides (C. Winkl.) Hand. -Mazz. affinis, sed foliis caulis paucis, vaginalibus,inflorescentia racemosus laxus, phyllis l0~l2, ad marginem parce albo-ciliatis differt.

These specimens collected by authors in Yunnan Province since 1980 have proved im-possible to match with any species already described. Furthermore they cannot be accommodated in any known genus within the subtribe Saccharinae. It is therefore described here as a new genus and species Rubimons poniculatus.

Species A. skythropi Bge. affinis. sed auriculis alae 4 mm longis； carina semi-ovata, ungue duplo longa differt.

Herbae perennes (?) radicibus palaribus perpendicularibus vestute tuberascentibus in parte medio,inferiore vel superiore. Folia biternata, Flores purpurascentes usque rosei, calcaribus longitudine laminas subaequantibus, nectariis brevissimis ca. l / 5 calcaris partes aequantibus, stigmatibus quadratis 8-papillatis. Capsulae lanceolatae, seminibus biseriatis.

Species C. yunnanensi (Piatrd ex Diels) Cohen Stuart affinis, sed foliis subtus fulvo-puncticulatis,floribus minoribus circ. 3cm diametro, staminibus 2-seriatis l.8 cm longis filamentis exterioribus ad 4 / 5 coalitis, ovariis dense tomentosis, stylis 3 circ. l.7 cm longis, capsulis minoribus l.2~ l.5 cm diametro furfuraceis 3-locularis differt. Affinis C. tenii Sealy sed foliis ellipticis 6-6.5 cm longis, apice breviter caudatis subtus fulvo-puncticulatis, filamentis exterioribus ad 4 / 5 coalitis recedit.

A var. luteorubrae differt floribus minoribus, sepalis 2~2.5 mm longis, petalis 3-3.5 mm longis,sepalis petalisque multo glandaceo-maculosis.

Similis V. balanseanae Planch. in foliorum ambito, sed foliis margine non vero undulatis, l5~l7-serrulatis, in sicco venulis reticulatis incospicue elevatis, rhachidibus pubescentibus differt.

Hb, Ma and Mc genotype mature zygotic embryos of loblolly pine were cultured on TE medium containing 1.0 mg / L NAA, 4.0 mg / L BA, 500 mg / L LH and 500 mg / L glutamine, and primary adventitious buds were formed on cotyledons and hypocotyl in 12 weeks. Zygotic embryos with primary adventitious buds were transferred to TE differentiation medium with 0.5 mg / L NAA, 0.5 mg / L IBA, 2 mg / L BA, 500 mg / L LH and 500 mg / L glutamine. After 6 weeks a lot of adventitious buds appeared. Among 3 genotypes, differentiation frequency of Hb genotype adventitious bud was 58.2% the highest. Direct adventitious buds which were cultured or elongation medium for 6 weeks were transferred to TE rooting medium supplemented with 0.1 mg / L IBA, 1.0 mg / L BA, 0.5 mg / L GA3, and the highest rooting frequency of adventitious bud was 46% in 6 weeks.

The present paper conducts the comparative observation on leaf venational morphology of 8 species and 1 variety in Lepidium. The result shows that 1st veins have mederate stout, 1st basal veins in basis 1- 2 doublet constitute campto-brochidodromous pinnatoides with the 2nd veins; 3rd veins are percurrent or reticulate, at the margin, veinlets are incomplete areole has not a norm in shape and area, it is imperfect in system development. This paper provides the additional evidence for evolution of Cruciferae.

Anatomic studies and cytological observation of the floral nectary in Cardaria draba (L.) Desv. are conducted with light and scanning electron microscopy. The Cardaria draba flower has six floral nectaries which include four lateral and two median nectaries. Their floral nectaries belong to the spearate lateral and between median subtypes of the lateral nectary types. The struc-ture of lateral and median nectaries is exhibiting similar structural features. They are composed of epidermis and nectariferous tissure. The modified stomata is present in the epidermal layer, and there is no vascular bundle in the nectariferous tissue, belonging to the primitive subtypes of floral nectaries in Cruciferae. After various floral organs develop, the superfical layer cells of the recep-tacle between stamens become matic activity and form the primordium nectaries, which undergo the division and differentiation as well as formation of morphology. As a result, the nectaries has developed to mature ones. The initaition and development of lateral and median nectaries form synchronism. During the development of nectary, both the vacules and the starch grains change regularly. After pre-nectar has been processed and composed in the nectariferous tissue, it is ex-creted from the modified stoma.

The morphogenesis of the inflorescences and flowers of Rhynchoglossum omeiense has been observed and compared with its allied groups. Several remarkable features and evolutionary trends have been revealed as the followings : 1) The inflorescence meristem of R.omeiense is differ-ent from the normal racemose meristem in its fusiform and ellipsoid apices having been shifted to the ventral side of the axis instead of globose apices on the top of axis in the normal raceme, which has developed a unilateral raceme with only two ventral rows of bracts bearing flowers. 2) The bilabiate corolla and didynamous stamens in this species is probably related to the state of sup- pression of the staminode. 3) The initiation and early development of its gynoecium has main- tained the nature of the carpellary closure which may have formed the axile placentation in its an- cestral group. The bilocular ovary at the early developmental stage gradually transforms into unilocular one in the following developmental process. 4) As a relict species of the Klugioid plants, it is close to the genus Whytockia. However, it is almost impossible that R.omeiense has been evolved from Whytockia, but that Klugia and Whytockia may have come from a common ancestor and developed in different ways.

There is definitely seasonal activity in cambial growthes in the Phyllanthus emblica, Myrica rubra, Acacia mearnsii, The periods of cambial activity are respectively from May to No-vember, March to December and February to October. These cambia are dormant in other time in a year. The cambium of Casuarina cunninghamiana is active all year round. There are phragmoplasts in tangential sections of cambium in January and February. During dormancy of cambia, every species retains rather wide functional phloem (0.2- 0.3 mm in width).

There are 2540 species in 1026 genera and 207 families of seed plants in Mt.Wuliangshan which is located in the south-central part of Yunnan province, southwest China. We have obtained a complete composition of this flora by ranking of the families and genera accord- ing to the absolute numbers of species comprised in them. It is a traditional approach by which it is difficult to reflect the relative importance of such families and genera in its floristic composition. VFP (Value of Floristic Presence), that is, the ratio of the number of the secondary taxa occurring in this place to that in all the world, has been put forward. Then based on VFP arranging them, we can get a rather different rank, in which few large families of absolutely large numbers of species can be found. On the contrary, some small families endemic to East Asia or distributed mainly in it and adjacent regions have higher VFP because of having relatively many genera in this place and can represent the characteristics of this concrete flora.

The floral vascular systems are compared among all four species of three genera in Adoxaceae, including Sinadoxa corydalifolia, Adoxa orientalis which have not been studied pre- viously. The vascular systems of these 4 species manifest different symmerry, and different degrees of multiplication, reduction and fusion. On the base of the evidence of floral vasculature, it can be presumed that Tetradoxa omeiensis seems to be the most primitive taxa in Adoxaceae.