开花时间对巫山淫羊藿花蜜分泌和结实的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1143.2012.12024

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

运用单因素方差分析研究了巫山淫羊藿（Epimedium wushanense）开花时间对花蜜分泌、有效传粉者活动及结实性的影响。结果表明:(1)开花时间对巫山淫羊藿花蜜常备量和含糖量的影响极其显著。3个种群早期花蜜常备量较高，而花蜜含糖量在晚期较高。(2)开花时间对有效传粉者行为也具显著影响。一天中，有效传粉者的访花活动主要集中在中午；在整个花期进程中，晚期有效访花频率明显大于早期。(3)开花时间对巫山淫羊藿结实率、果实种子数及果实种子败育率的影响均显著,其中早期和中期的结实率和果实种子数大于晚期；而果实种子败育率则在晚期较高。因此，人工栽培巫山淫羊藿应注意花期调控，并选择早期果实进行实验或育种，其效果更好。

关键词: 巫山淫羊藿, 开花时间, 花蜜分泌, 有效传粉者, 结实

Abstract:

The effect of flowering time on nectar secretion, effective pollinators activities and fruit set in Epimedium wushanense were revealed by Oneway ANOVA. Among the three stage of flowering, the differences in nectar standing crop and sugar content of E.wushanense were very remarkable. In this three populations, the nectar standing crop in the initial stage was higher than that in other stages, but the sugar content of nectar was higher in the last stage. The results indicated that the activities of effective pollinators were influenced by the flowering time significantly. During a day, the activities of effective pollinators were mainly concentrated in the noon. At the same time the visiting frequency of effective pollinators in last stage was higher than that in the initial and middle stage. It was also indicated that the fruit set, the seed number and percentage of seed abortion per fruit of E.wushanense were influenced by the flowering time significantly. During the initial and the middle stage of flowering, the fruit set and the seed number per fruit were bigger than that in the last stage of flowering. But the percentage of seed abortion per fruit was higher in the last stage. So, in order to make work more effective, we should choose the fruits of E.wushanense in the initial of flowering stage for experiments and breeding, and pay attention to the flowering regulation in artificial cultivation.

Key words: Epimedium wushanense, Flowering time, Nectar secretion, Effective pollinators, Fruit set

中图分类号:

Q 948.112

王怡, 权秋梅, 黎云祥. 开花时间对巫山淫羊藿花蜜分泌和结实的影响[J]. Plant Diversity, 2012, 34(5): 471-477.

WANG Yi, QUAN Qiu-Mei, LI Yun-Xiang. Effects of Flowering Period on Nectar Secretion and Fruit Set of Epimedium wushanense (Berberidaceae)[J]. Plant Diversity, 2012, 34(5): 471-477.

参考文献

陈国峰, 刘峰, 2001. 淫羊藿的研究进展［J］. 陕西中医, 22 (10): 624—625
张大勇, 2004. 植物生活史进化与繁殖生态［M］. 北京: 科学出版社, 292—328
Burdon JJ, Shttock RC, 1980. Disease in plant communities［J］. Applied Biology, 5: 120—145
Canto A, Herrera CM, Medrano M et al., 2008. Pollinator foraging modifies nectar sugar composition in Helleborus foetidus (Ranunculaceae): an experimental test［J］. American Journal of Botany, 95 (3): 315—320
Castellanos MC, Wilson P, Thomson JD, 2002. Dynamic nectar replenishment in flowers of Penstemon (Scrophulariaceae) ［J］. American Journal of Botany, 89 (1): 111—118
Dafni A, 1992. Pollination Ecology［M］. New York: Oxford University Press, 1—57
Deng XB (邓晓保), Ren PY (任盘宇), Li QJ (李庆军), 2005. Nectar secretion patterns, floral visitor behavior and their impacts on fruit and seed sire of Alpinia blepharocalyx［J］. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology (植物生态学报), 29 (2): 274—280
Dieringer G, 1991. Variation in individual flowering time and reproductive success of Agalinis strictifolia (Scrophulariaceae) ［J］. American Journal of Botany, 78 (4): 497—503
Forrest J, Thomson JD, 2010. Consequences of variation in flowering time within and among individuals of Mertensia fusiformis (Boraginaceae), an early spring wildflower［J］. American Journal of Botany, 97 (1): 38—48
Galloni M, Podda L, Vivarelli D et al., 2007. Pollen presentation, pollenovule ratios, and other reproductive traits in Mediterranean Legumes (Fam. FabaceaeSubfam. Faboideae) ［J］. Plant Systematics and Evolution, 266 (34): 147—164
Gong YB (龚燕兵), Huang SQ (黄双全), 2007. On methodology of foraging behavior of pollinating insects［J］. Biodiversity Science (生物多样性), 15 (6): 576—583
Harder LD, Jordan CY, Cross WE et al., 2004. Beyond floricentrism: the pollination function of inflorescences［J］. Plant Species Biology, 19 (3): 137—148
He CQ (何池全), Zhao KY (赵魁义), Yu GY (余国营) et al., 1999. Advance in the ecological adaptability of the clonal plant in wetlands［J］. Chinese Journal of Ecology (生态学杂志), 18 (6): 38—46
Herrera CM, Pérez R, Alonso C, 2006. Extreme intraplant variation in nectar sugar composition in an insectpollinated perennial herb［J］. American Journal of Botany, 93 (4): 575—581
Hodges SA, 1995. The influence of nectar production on hawkmoth behavior, selfpollination, and seed production in Mirabilis multiflora (Nyctaginaceae) ［J］. American Journal of Botany, 82 (2): 197—204
Hou JR (侯集瑞), Sheng JM (盛吉明), Wang XQ (王秀全) et al., 2004. Advances in studies on Herba epimedii［J］. Journal of Jilin Agricultural University (吉林农业大学学报), 26 (1): 59—65
Jakobsen HB, Kritjánsson K, 1994. Influence of temperature and floret age on nectar secretion in Trifolium repens L.［J］. Annals of Botany, 74 (4): 327—334
Kudo G, Maeda T, Narita K et al., 2001. Variation in floral sex allocation and reproductive success within inflorescences of Corydalis ambigua (Fumariaceae): pollination efficiency or resource limitation? ［J］. Journal of Ecology, 89 (1): 48—56
Lee TD, 1988. Patterns of Fruit and Seed Production［M］. New York: Oxford University Press, 179—202
Li MD (李牡丹), Shi X (石旭), Guan P (关萍), 2009. An overview: research progress of Epimedium［J］. Journal of Mountain Agriculture and Biology (山地农业生物学报), 28 (2): 170—174
Li ZD (李左栋), Liu JX (刘静萱), Huang SQ (黄双全), 2006. A comparison of several methods used in the field for nectar collection and concentration analysis［J］. Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica (植物分类学报), 44 (3): 320—326
Li ZZ (李作洲), Xu YQ (徐艳琴), Wang Y (王瑛) et al., 2005. Status and prospect of research on medicinal plants of Epimedium L.［J］. Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs (中草药), 36 (2): 289—295
Liu LD (刘林德), Li W (李玮), Zhu N (祝宁) et al., 2002. The relations among the nectar secretive rhythms, nectar compositions and diversities of floral visitors for both Eleutherococcus senticosus and E.sessiliflorus［J］. Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报), 22 (6): 847—853
Morinaga SI, Tsuji K, Sakai S, 2003. Consequences of differences in flowering date on seed production in Heloniopsis orientalis (Liliaceae) ［J］. American Journal of Botany, 90 (8): 1153—1158
Parachnowitsch AL, Elle E, 2004. Variation in sex allocation and malefemale tradeoffs in six populations of Collinsia parviflora (Scrophulariaceaes) ［J］. American Journal of Botany, 91 (8): 1200—1207
Petanidou T, Smets E, 1996. Does temperature stress induce nectar secretion in Mediterranean plants? ［J］. New Phytologist, 133 (3): 513—518
Primack RB, 1978. Variability in New Zealand montane and Alpine pollinator assemblages［J］. New Zealand Journal of Ecology, 1: 66—73
Qian BY (钱宝英), Li YX (黎云祥), Liao YM (廖咏梅) et al., 2005. Characteristics of the ramet population of Epimedium brevicornum and analysis of spatial point pattern for E.brevicornum and E.sagittatum［J］. Acta Botanica Yunnanica (云南植物研究), 27 (5): 479—488
Quan QM (权秋梅), Li YX (黎云祥) , 2008. Effects of population dentisy on morphological characteristics of Epimedium sagittatum in different growth periods［J］. Bulletin of Botanical Research (植物研究), 28 (1): 85—97
Shuel RW, 1952. Some factors affecting nectar secretion in Red Clover［J］. Plant Physiology, 27 (1): 95—110
Simpson BB, Neff JL, 1983. Floral biology and floral rewards of Lysimachia (Primulaceae) ［J］. American Midland Naturalist, 110 (2): 249—256
Stephenson AG, 1981. Flower and fruit abortion: Proximate causes and ultimate functions［J］. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 12: 253—279
Sun Y (孙颖), Zhuo LH (卓丽环), 2009. The nectar secretion rhythms and influencing factors of pollination efficiency of Agapanthus africanus ssp. Orientalis ‘Big Blue’ ［J］. Acta Agriculturae Shanghai (上海农业学报), 25 (2): 36—40
Suzuki K, 1983. Breeding system and crossability in Japanese Epimedium (Berberidaceae) ［J］. The Botanical Magazine Tokyo, 96 (4): 343—350
Suzuki K, 1986. Adaptive shifts in the regulation system of seed yield in Japanese species of Epimedium (Berberidaceae) ［J］. Plant Species Biology, 1 (2): 195—205
Tang L (汤利), Yang J (杨界), Li Y (李燕) et al., 2009. Species and distribution of genus Epimedium in Sichuan Province［J］. Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University (四川农业大学学报), 27 (3): 284—288
Taylor LR, 1963. Analysis of the effect of temperature on insects in flight［J］. Journal of Animal Ecology, 32 (1): 99—117
Vicens N, Bosch J, 2000. Weatherdependent pollinator activity in an apple orchard, with special reference to Osmia cornuta and Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae and Apidae) ［J］. Environmental Entomology, 29 (3): 413—420
Wang H (王辉), Li YX (黎云祥), Quan QM (权秋梅) et al., 2010. The research on the growth and photosynthetic characteristics of Epimedium wushanense at different shade conditions［J］. Journal of China West Normal University (Natural Sciences) (西华师范大学学报(自然科学版)), 31 (3): 235—238
Xia LQ (夏立群), Li JQ (李建强), Li W (李伟) et al., 2002. Genetic diversity of clonal plant［J］. Chinese Bulletin of Botany (植物学通报), 19 (4): 425—431
Xu X (胥晓), Su ZX (苏智先), Li YX (黎云祥) et al., 1999. Analysis on fuzzy mathematics of forest communities at Jincheng Mountain in Nanchong region in Jialing River［J］. Journal of Sichuan Teachers College (Natural Science) (四川师范学院学报(自然科学版)), 20 (2): 182—189
Yang ZS (杨子松), Quan QM (权秋梅), Li YX (黎云祥) et al., 2009. Effects of flowering period and space of inflorescences of Epimedium brevicornu on fruit set［J］. Acta Botanica BorealiOccidentalia Sinica (西北植物学报), 29 (8): 1599—1606
Zhang YF (张玉芬), Zhang DY (张大勇), 2006. Asexual and sexual reproductive strategies in clonal plants［J］. Journal of Plant Ecology (植物生态学报), 30 (1): 174—183

[1]	高丽霞1,刘念2 ,黄邦海3 . 基于SRAP标记分析的姜花属杂交育种的亲本选择[J]. Plant Diversity, 2010, 32(03): 250-254.
[2]	周世良；潘开玉；洪德元. 传粉对杭州石荠苎（唇形科）结实的影响[J]. Plant Diversity, 1998, 20(04): 1-3.
[3]	郭本森;陈耀武;汪婉芳. 绿壳砂仁和阳春砂仁开花结实生物学特性的初步研究[J]. Plant Diversity, 1980, 2(04): 1-3.