中国葱属根茎组植物15种25居群的核型研究

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1143.2012.11182

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

采用常规压片法，对15种25居群葱属根茎组植物进行核型研究，首次报道荒漠韭Allium tekesicola、蓝花韭A.beesianum的染色体数目和核型，并增补了一些根茎组植物的细胞学资料。结果表明：供试类群为二倍体或四倍体，核型类型为1A、2A或2B；高山韭A.sikkimense壤塘居群和荒漠韭具短臂随体，宽苞韭A.platyspathum的和布克赛尔居群、奇台居群具居间随体；野黄韭A.rude雅江居群和荒漠韭中各存在1条B染色体。结合前人研究结果，我们讨论了中国根茎组植物的染色体基数、随体染色体的多型性、B染色体的进化意义和该组植物的进化方式，探讨了天蓝韭A.cyaneum、齿丝山韭A.nutans的地理分布成因，得到了如下推论：（1）中国根茎组植物的染色体基数x=8；（2）中国根茎组植物的核型进化趋势为：1A→2A→2B→2C；（3）中国根茎组植物的随体染色体具多型性；（4）多倍化和结构变异是中国根茎组植物进化的两种重要方式；（5）天蓝韭和齿丝山韭以多倍化和无性生殖来克服扩大新的生存空间遇到的困难。

关键词: 葱属, 根茎组, 核型, 进化, 细胞地理

Abstract:

Karyotypes of 25 populations of 15 species in Allium section Rhiziridium from China were analyzed to discuss the evolutionary mechanisms of Allium section Rhiziridium and cytogeography of some species. Root tips for the study of mitotic chromosomes were obtained from potted plants and pretreated with paradichlorobenzene at room temperature for 9 hours. After 12-24 hours fixation in 1∶3 aceticalcohol, the root tips were macerated in 1mol·L-1 HC1 for 9 minutes at 60℃ and then stained and squashed in carbol fuchsin. Karyotype asymmetry was assessed by As.K%. Results showed that taxa investigated were diploid or tetraploid. Furthermore, the karyotype types were 1A, 2A or 2B according to Stebbins’ karyotype classification. Karyotypes of A.tekesicola, A.tianschanicum, A.beesianum and A.spirale were reported for the first time. Combined with previous karyotype studies, we suggested that: (1) The basic chromosome number of Allium section Rhiziridium from China is x=8. (2) The karyotype types evolutionary trend of Allium section Rhiziridium from China is 1A→2A→2B→2C . (3) Satellite chromosomes of Allium section Rhiziridium from China are varied in numbers and shapes. (4) Polyploidy and chromosome structural rearrangement are two important evolution patterns in Allium section Rhiziridium from China. (5) A.cyaneum and A.nutans have exploited new niches through polyploidy and asexual reproduction.

Key words: Allium, Section Rhiziridium, Karyotype, Evolution, Cytogeography

中图分类号:

Q 942

周春景, 周颂东, 黄德青, 何兴金. 中国葱属根茎组植物15种25居群的核型研究[J]. Plant Diversity, 2012, 34(2): 120-136.

ZHOU Chun-Jing, ZHOU Song-Dong, HUANG De-Qing, HE Xin-Jin. Karyotypes of 25 Populations of 15 Species in Allium Section Rhiziridium from China[J]. Plant Diversity, 2012, 34(2): 120-136.

参考文献

李佳, 2001. 新疆部分葱属植物生物学特性及其分类意义研究［D］. 乌鲁木齐: 新疆农业大学(硕士学位论文)
李懋学, 商树田, 王志学, 1982. 栽培韭和野韭核型比较研究［J］. 园艺学报, 9 (3): 31—36
何兴金, 1999. 国产葱属进化生物学研究［D］. 成都: 四川大学（博士学位论文）
洪德元, 1990. 植物细胞分类学［M］. 北京: 科学出版社
徐炳声, 1982. 细胞地理学［J］. 植物杂志, 4: 20—21
夏泉, 1987. B染色体及其属性［J］. 生物科学动态, 4: 9—14
盖俊蕾, 2006. B染色体对滇韭（Allium mairei Lévl）适应性的影响及其遗传［D］. 昆明: 云南大学（硕士学位论文）
莫慧英译（穆尔D.M.著）, 1984. 植物细胞遗传学［M］. 北京: 科学出版社, 14—17
魏先芹, 2011. 西南地区葱属(Allium L.)细胞分类学和形态学研究［D］. 成都: 四川大学（硕士学位论文）
燕玲, 王六英, 李红, 1999. 内蒙古10种葱属植物染色体数目及核型分析［J］. 中国草地, 5: 72—74
APG III, 2009. An update of the Angiosperm phylogeny group classication for the orders and families of owering plants: APG III［J］. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 161: 105—121
Brat SV, 1965.Genetic systems in Allium L. chromosome variation［J］. Chromosome (Berl), 16: 486—499
Chase MW, Reveal JL, Fay MF, 2009. A subfamilial classication for the expanded asparagalean families Amaryllidaceae, Asparagaceae and Xanthorrhoeaceae［J］.Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 161: 132—136
Chen XL (陈小兰), Yu H (虞鸿), Huang RF (黄瑞复) et al., 2004. Studies on morphological and chromosome polymorphism of Allium mairei in Kunming Area［J］.Acta Botanica Yunnanica (云南植物研究), 26 (5): 529—536
Cheng QA, 2008. Chromosome numbers and karyotypes of Allium przewalskianum populations［J］.Acta Biologica Cracoviensia Series Botanica, 50 (1): 43—49
Choi HJ, Oh Bu, 2001. A partial revision of Allium (Amaryllidaceae) in Korea and northeastern China［J］. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 167: 153—211
Fay MF, Chase MW, 1996. Resurrection of Themidaceae for the Brodiaeaalliance, and recircumscription of Alliaceae, Amaryllidaceae and Agapanthoideae［J］. Taxon, 45: 441—451
Fedrov AA, 1969. Chromosome Numbers of Flowering Plants［M］. Leningrad: Academy of Science USSR, Komarov Botanical Institute, 376—381
Gu ZJ (顾志建), Wang L (王丽), Sun H (孙航) et al., 1993. A cytological study of some plants from QinghaiXizang plateau［J］.Acta Botanica Yunnanica (云南植物研究), 15 (4): 377—384
Hao LZ (郝丽珍), Yang ZR (杨忠仁), Wang LY (王六英) et al., 2005. Observation on flower’s morphological and anther’s anatomy character of three Allium plants［J］. Bulletin of Botanical Reserch (植物研究), 25 (3): 277—280
Hyeok Jae Choi, Byoung Un Oh, 2011. A partial revision of Allium (Amaryllidaceae) in Korea and northeastern China［J］. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 167: 153—211
Jones N, Houben A, 2003. B chromosomes in plants: escapees from the A chromosome genome?［J］.Trends in Plant Science, 8 (9): 417—423
Kosenko VH, Kudryashova GL, 1995. Playnomorphology of family Alliaceae［J］. Bot Jour, 80 (6): 5—17
Kruse J, 1984. Rasterelektronenmikroskopische untersuchungen an samen der Gattung Aliium L［J］. Kulturpflanze, 32: 89—101
Kruse J, 1986. Rasterelektronenmikroskopische untersuchungen an samen der Gattung Aliium L［J］. Kulturpflanze, 34: 207—228
Kruse J, 1988. Rasterelektronenmikroskopische untersuchungen an samen der Gattung Aliium L［J］. Kulturpflanze, 36: 355—368
Kruse J, 1992. Variability of testa sculptures in the genus Allium L.［A］. In: Hanelt P, Hammer K, Knu¨pffer H eds. The Genus AlliumTaxonomic Problems and Genetic Resources［M］. Germany: Gatersleben, 181—182
Kruse J, 1994. Rasterelektronenmikroskopische untersuchungen an samen der Gattung Aliium L. IV［J］. Feddes Repertorium, 105: 457—471
Levan A, 1931. Cytological studies in Allium I. A preliminary note［J］.Hereditas, 15: 347—356
Levan A, 1935. Cytological studies in Allium VI. The chromosome morphology of some diploid species of Allium［J］. Hereditas, 20: 289—330
Levan A, Fredgra K, Sandberg AA, 1964. Nomenclature for centromeric position on chromosomes［J］. Hereditas, 52: 201—220
Levitzky GA, 1931. The karytype in the systemmatics［J］. Bull Appl Bot Genet Plant Breed, 27: 220—240
Li MX (李懋学), Chen RY (陈瑞阳), 1985. A suggestion on the standardization of karyotype analysis in plants［J］. Journal of Wuhan Botanical Research (武汉植物学研究), 3 (4): 297—302
Li QQ, Zhou SD, He XJ et al., 2010. Phylogeny and biogeography of Allium (Amaryllidaceae: Allieae) based on nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer and chloroplast rps16 sequences, focusing on the inclusion of species endemic to China［J］. Annals of Botany, 106: 709—733
Li SF (李思锋), Li B (黎斌), Qi H (祁桦), 2003. Studies on cytology of some species in Liliaceae from Qinling Mountain［J］.Acta Botanica BorealiOccidentalia Sinica (西北植物学报), 23 (11): 1949—1955
Maude PF, 1939. The merton catalogue a list of chromosome numbers of species of British flowering plants［J］. New Phytologist, 38 (1): 1—31
McCollum GD, 1976. Onion and allies［A］. In: Simmonds WW ed. Evolution of Crop Plants［M］. London, New York: Longman, 186—190
Mes HM, Friesen N, Fritsch RM et al., 1997. Criteria for sampling in Allium based on chloroplast DNA PCRRFLP’［J］. Systematic Botany, 22 (4): 701—712
Murin A, 1962. Chromosome study in Allium strictum Schrad［J］.Caryologia, 15: 139—142
Paniel S, Marhold K, Ho dálová I et al., 2008. Diploid and tetraploid cytotypes of Centaureastoebe (Asteraceae) in Central Europe: Morphological differentiation and cytotype distribution patterns［J］. FoliaGeobot, 43: 131—158
Rudyka EG, 1984. Chromosome numbers in vascular plants from the southern part of the Soviet Far East［J］. Botanicheskiy Zhurnal, 69: 1699—1700
Sakai K, 1935. Studies on the chromosome number in alpine plants. II［J］. Japanese Journal of Genetics, 11: 68—73
Sarker DD, Johnson Mat, Reynolds A et al., 1997. Cytology of the highly polyploid disjunct species, Allium dregeanum (Alliaceae), and of some Eurasian relatives［J］.Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 124: 361—373
Shang ZY (尚宗燕), Li RJ (李汝娟), Cui TC (崔铁成) et al., 1997. Studies on chromosomes of eight species of Allium from China［J］. Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica (植物分类学报), 35: 434—444
Shopva M, 1966. The nature and behaviour of supernumerary chromosomes in the Rhiziridium group of the genus Allium［J］. Chromosome (Berl.), 19 (2): 149—158
Stebbins GL, 1958. Longevity, habitat and the release of genetic variability in the higher plants［J］. Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology, 23: 365—378
Stebbins GL, 1971. Chromosomal Evolution in Higher Plants［M］. London: Edward Arnold Press, 12—150
Sun H (孙航), 2002. Tethys retreat and Himalayashengduan Mountains uplift and their significance on the origin and development of the sinohimalayan elements and alpine flora［J］. Acta Botanica Yunnanica (云南植物研究), 24 (3): 273—288
Takhtajan A, 2009. Flowering Plants Second Edition［M］. New York: Springer
Tolgor (图力古尔), Zhang SM (张恕茗), Wang YQ (王艳秋) et al., 1995. Pohn morphology of Allium and it’s taxonomic significance［J］. Journal of Jilin Agricultural University (吉林农业大学学报), 17 (1): 36—40
Tolgor (图力古尔), Zhao YT (赵毓棠), 1992.The herbage resource of Allium in eastern Inner Mongolia and the quantitative classification research for 22 species of Allium［J］.Grassland of China (中国草地), (4): 40—43
Tolgor (图力古尔), Zhao YT (赵毓棠), Xu JM (许介眉), 1994. A chromosomal study of eight species in Allium sect. Rhiziridium G. Don in China［J］.Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica (植物分类学报), 32: 165—172
von Bothmer R, 1970. Cytological studies in Allium L. Chromosome numbers and morphology in sect.Allium from Greece［J］. Botaniska Notiser, 123: 519—551
von Bothmer R, 1981. Karyotype variation in Allium commutatum (Liliaceae s. lato)［J］. Plant Systematics and Evolution, 140: 179—189
Wei XQ (魏先芹), Li QQ (李琴琴), He XJ (何兴金) et al., 2011. A cytotaxonomic study on 21 populations of 13 Allium species［J］. Plant Science Journal (植物科学学报), 29 (1): 18—30
Xu JM, Kamelin RV, 2000. Allium Linnaeus［A］. In: Wu ZY, Raven PH, Hong DY eds. Flora of China［M］. Beijing: Science Press; St Louis: Missouri Botanical Garden Press, 24: 165—202
Xue CY (薛春迎), Xu JM (许介眉), Liu JQ (刘建全), 2000. Karyotypes of nine populations of Allium przewalskianum from Qinghai［J］. Acta Botanica Yunnanica (云南植物研究), 22 (2): 148—154
Yan L (燕玲), Meng HW (孟焕文), Zhang Y (张宇), 2001. The study of nuclear type on 5 stolonplant of Allium L. in Inner Mongolia［J］. Journal of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University (内蒙古农业大学学报), 22 (2): 37—40
Yan L (燕玲), Wan T (宛涛), Wu Y (乌云), 2000. Study on micromorphology of seedcoat of Allium in Mongolia Plateau［J］. Journal of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University (内蒙古农业大学学报), 21 (1): 91—96
Yang DK (杨德奎), Song YM (宋艳梅), Wang L (王露), 2009. Study on the pollen morphology of Allium［J］. Journal of Shandong Normal University (山东师范大学学报), 24 (1): 130—132
Yang L (杨蕾), Xu JM (许介眉), Zhang XL (张小亮) et al., 1998. Karyotypical studies of six species on the genus Allium［J］. Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica (植物分类学报), 36: 36—46
Yu Y, He XJ, 2008. Nuc Type 1.5. Available at http://mnh.scu.edu.cn/soft/blog/nuctype
Zhang YC (张宇澄), He XJ (何兴金), Wang Q (王强) et al., 2008. Karyotypes in twelve species of genus Allium from China［J］. Acta Botanica BorealiOccidentalia Sinica (西北植物学报), 28 (10): 2138—2143
Zhang YC (张宇澄), Zhou SD (周颂东), Ren HY (任海燕) et al., 2009. Karyotype in 20 populations belonging to 10 species of Allium from Southwest China［J］. Journal of Wuhan Botanical Research (武汉植物学研究), 27 (4): 351—360
Zhang YJ (张跃进), Zhang XY (张小燕), 1993. Biosystematic studies on Allium L. I. A study on karyotypes of 6 samples of Allium L.［J］. Journal of Wuhan Botanical Research (武汉植物学研究), 11 (3): 193—199
Zhao LL (赵莉丽), Wang J (王锦), 2009. Comparative analysis on karyotype of Allium wallichii and Allium mairei from Mount Liangwang in Kunming Area［J］. Journal of Southwest Forestry University (西南林学院学报), 29 (3): 22—25
Zhou SD (周颂东), He XJ (何兴金), Ge S (葛颂), 2006. trnKGeneBased molecular phylogeny of Allium Plants［J］. Acta Botanica BorealiOccidentalia Sinica (西北植物学报), 26 (5): 906—914
Zhou SD(周颂东), He XJ (何兴金), Yu Y (余岩) et al., 2007. Karyotype studies on twentyone populations of eight species in Allium section Rhiziridium［J］. Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica (植物分类学报), 45 (2): 207—216

[1]	钱敏1、2、3, 王广艳4, 孟盈5, 杨永平1、2、3. 青藏高原二种车前属植物的核型和C-值报道[J]. Plant Diversity, 2015, 37(4): 407-415.
[2]	李雄1、2、3, 杨时海3、4, 杨云强1、2, 尹欣1、2、3, 孙旭东1、2, 杨永平1、2. 不同居群紫花针茅响应干旱胁迫的生理和分子差异分析[J]. Plant Diversity, 2015, 37(4): 439-452.
[3]	陈珊1、2, 任宗昕2, 王红2, 吴丁3. 被子植物退化雄蕊的功能类型及其意义[J]. Plant Diversity, 2015, 37(06): 683-692.
[4]	黄德青, 李琴琴, 周颂东, 何兴金. 基于nrDNA ITS和cpDNA trnL-F序列探讨薤白的系统地位[J]. Plant Diversity, 2015, 37(05): 537-545.
[5]	于丽霞, 李斌, 黄海泉, 鄢波. 竹亚科lea3基因的进化分析[J]. Plant Diversity, 2014, 36(06): 707-714.
[6]	殷根深, 杨志云, 蒋镇宇, 龚洵. 基于比较核型分析方法追溯百合族 (百合科) 二型性核型的起源[J]. Plant Diversity, 2014, 36(06): 737-746.
[7]	赵旭耀, 陈斯云, 赵磊, 张雪梅, 马朋飞, 郭振华. MIR166基因家族在陆生植物中的进化模式分析[J]. Plant Diversity, 2014, 36(03): 331-341.
[8]	杨志云, 龚洵. 五种中国苏铁属植物的核型分析[J]. Plant Diversity, 2013, 35(5): 601-604.
[9]	高庆波1、2, 张发起1、2, 付鹏程1、3, 刑睿1、3, 李印虎1、3. 青海省五种葱属植物的种皮微形态[J]. Plant Diversity, 2013, 35(3): 285-289.
[10]	王广艳1、2、4, 孟盈1、2、3, 聂泽龙1, 杨永平1、2、3. 青藏高原东南缘五种火绒草属植物的核型[J]. Plant Diversity, 2013, 35(3): 355-360.
[11]	孟盈1、2、3, 杨永平1、2、3. 青藏高原八种菊科植物染色体核型报道[J]. Plant Diversity, 2013, 35(3): 361-366.
[12]	陈光富1, 巴罗菊1, 孙文光1, 娄笑1, 张建文2, 李志敏1. 横断山及邻近地区八种菊科植物的染色体数目及核型[J]. Plant Diversity, 2013, 35(3): 367-374.
[13]	陈光富1, 孙文光1, 张建文2, 李志敏1. 中国特有植物膀胱豆 (豆科) 及两个邻近种的染色体数目及核型报道[J]. Plant Diversity, 2013, 35(2): 144-148.
[14]	张彦, 朱珠, 杨继. 以发育模块重复征用和整合为基础的进化创新机制[J]. Plant Diversity, 2012, 34(3): 222-230.
[15]	李琴琴, 周颂东, 何兴金, 魏先芹. 葱属Amerallium亚属 (石蒜科) 的系统发生与性状进化[J]. Plant Diversity, 2012, 34(2): 109-119.