Involucre fossils of Carpinus, a northern temperate element, from the Miocene of China and the evolution of its species diversity in East Asia

doi:10.1016/j.pld.2020.01.001

Plant Diversity ›› 2020, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (03): 155-167.DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2020.01.001

Involucre fossils of Carpinus, a northern temperate element, from the Miocene of China and the evolution of its species diversity in East Asia

Li Xue^a, Linbo Jia^b, Gi-soo Nam^c, Yongjiang Huang^b, Shitao Zhang^a, Yuqing Wang^d, Zhuo Zhou^b, Yongsheng Chen^e

a College of Land Resources and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650032, China;
b CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, China;
c Gongju National University of Education, 27, Ungjin-ro, Gongju-si, Chungcheongnam-do, 32553, Republic of Korea;
d Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, 648 Matsudo, Chiba, 271-8510, Japan;
e College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, PR China

收稿日期:2019-07-14 修回日期:2020-01-16 出版日期:2020-06-25 发布日期:2020-07-15
通讯作者: Linbo Jia, Shitao Zhang
基金资助:
We thank professor Yaowu Xing for generously providing Carpinus fossil records in his database (the Cenozoic Angiosperm Database); the Chinese Virtual Herbarium (CVH) for providing the extant occurrence data of Carpinus; Miss Wenqing Li and Mr. Lu Sun for technical assistance with software; professor Torsten Utescher for giving valuable comments; and professor Bob Spicer and the editor Raymond Porter for polishing the manuscript. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31670216, No. 31900194), the Foundation of the State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. 183112).

Involucre fossils of Carpinus, a northern temperate element, from the Miocene of China and the evolution of its species diversity in East Asia

Li Xue^a, Linbo Jia^b, Gi-soo Nam^c, Yongjiang Huang^b, Shitao Zhang^a, Yuqing Wang^d, Zhuo Zhou^b, Yongsheng Chen^e

a College of Land Resources and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650032, China;
b CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, China;
c Gongju National University of Education, 27, Ungjin-ro, Gongju-si, Chungcheongnam-do, 32553, Republic of Korea;
d Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, 648 Matsudo, Chiba, 271-8510, Japan;
e College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, PR China

Received:2019-07-14 Revised:2020-01-16 Online:2020-06-25 Published:2020-07-15
Contact: Linbo Jia, Shitao Zhang
Supported by:
We thank professor Yaowu Xing for generously providing Carpinus fossil records in his database (the Cenozoic Angiosperm Database); the Chinese Virtual Herbarium (CVH) for providing the extant occurrence data of Carpinus; Miss Wenqing Li and Mr. Lu Sun for technical assistance with software; professor Torsten Utescher for giving valuable comments; and professor Bob Spicer and the editor Raymond Porter for polishing the manuscript. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31670216, No. 31900194), the Foundation of the State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. 183112).

摘要/Abstract

摘要： East Asia has long been recognized as a major center for temperate woody plants diversity. Although several theories have been proposed to explain how the diversity of these temperate elements accumulated in the region, the specific process remains unclear. Here we describe six species of Carpinus, a typical northern hemisphere temperate woody plant, from the early Miocene of the Maguan Basin, southwestern China, southern East Asia. This constitutes the southernmost, and the earliest occurrence that shows a high species diversity of the genus. Together with other Carpinus fossil records from East Asia, we show that the genus had achieved a high diversity in East Asia at least by the middle Miocene. Of the six species here described, three have become extinct, indicating that the genus has experienced apparent species loss during its evolutionary history in East Asia. In contrast, the remaining three species closely resemble extant species, raising the possibility that these species may have persisted in East Asia at least since the early Miocene. These findings indicate that the accumulation of species diversity of Carpinus in East Asia is a complex process involving extinction, persistence, and possible subsequent speciation.

关键词: Carpinus, East Asia, Extinction, Temperate woody plants, Species diversity

Abstract: East Asia has long been recognized as a major center for temperate woody plants diversity. Although several theories have been proposed to explain how the diversity of these temperate elements accumulated in the region, the specific process remains unclear. Here we describe six species of Carpinus, a typical northern hemisphere temperate woody plant, from the early Miocene of the Maguan Basin, southwestern China, southern East Asia. This constitutes the southernmost, and the earliest occurrence that shows a high species diversity of the genus. Together with other Carpinus fossil records from East Asia, we show that the genus had achieved a high diversity in East Asia at least by the middle Miocene. Of the six species here described, three have become extinct, indicating that the genus has experienced apparent species loss during its evolutionary history in East Asia. In contrast, the remaining three species closely resemble extant species, raising the possibility that these species may have persisted in East Asia at least since the early Miocene. These findings indicate that the accumulation of species diversity of Carpinus in East Asia is a complex process involving extinction, persistence, and possible subsequent speciation.

Key words: Carpinus, East Asia, Extinction, Temperate woody plants, Species diversity

Li Xue, Linbo Jia, Gi-soo Nam, Yongjiang Huang, Shitao Zhang, Yuqing Wang, Zhuo Zhou, Yongsheng Chen. Involucre fossils of Carpinus, a northern temperate element, from the Miocene of China and the evolution of its species diversity in East Asia[J]. Plant Diversity, 2020, 42(03): 155-167.

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Involucre fossils of Carpinus, a northern temperate element, from the Miocene of China and the evolution of its species diversity in East Asia

Involucre fossils of Carpinus, a northern temperate element, from the Miocene of China and the evolution of its species diversity in East Asia

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