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Plant Diversity ›› 2021, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (03): 216-224.DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2020.12.009

• Articles • 上一篇    下一篇

Quantitative classification of Camellia japonica and Camellia rusticana (Theaceae) based on leaf and flower morphology

Harue Abea, Hiroki Miurab, Yoshitaka Motonagac   

  1. a Center for Sustainable Agriculture and Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University, 94-2 Koda, Sado, Niigata, 952-2206, Japan;
    b Aomori Prefectural Asamushi Aquarium, 1-25 Babayama, Asamushi, Aomori, Aomori, 039-3501, Japan;
    c Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi-ninocho, Nishi-ku, Niigata, 950-2181, Japan
  • 收稿日期:2020-05-17 修回日期:2020-12-18 发布日期:2021-06-28
  • 通讯作者: Harue Abe
  • 基金资助:
    The authors thank Susumu Ishizawa, Kazuhiko Hoshizaki, Naoko Kan, Makoto Kobayashi, Taiga Kuhara, Yoshinari Moriguchi and Hiroshi Tomimatsu for cooperating during sample collection, and Saneyoshi Ueno, Kosuke Homma, and Hitoshi Sakio for providing helpful comments. We also thank the staff of the Field Center for Sustainable Agriculture and Forestry, Niigata University, for assistance in the field. We were given permission to access to its off-limits area by Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, and had got the collection permission application by relevant prefectures and by Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries. This work was supported by Sado City Grant for Scientific Research on Biodiversity and Tadami-machi (2014-2016), and was supported in part by the JSPS KAKENHI (Grant Number JP15K07473).

Quantitative classification of Camellia japonica and Camellia rusticana (Theaceae) based on leaf and flower morphology

Harue Abea, Hiroki Miurab, Yoshitaka Motonagac   

  1. a Center for Sustainable Agriculture and Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University, 94-2 Koda, Sado, Niigata, 952-2206, Japan;
    b Aomori Prefectural Asamushi Aquarium, 1-25 Babayama, Asamushi, Aomori, Aomori, 039-3501, Japan;
    c Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi-ninocho, Nishi-ku, Niigata, 950-2181, Japan
  • Received:2020-05-17 Revised:2020-12-18 Published:2021-06-28
  • Contact: Harue Abe
  • Supported by:
    The authors thank Susumu Ishizawa, Kazuhiko Hoshizaki, Naoko Kan, Makoto Kobayashi, Taiga Kuhara, Yoshinari Moriguchi and Hiroshi Tomimatsu for cooperating during sample collection, and Saneyoshi Ueno, Kosuke Homma, and Hitoshi Sakio for providing helpful comments. We also thank the staff of the Field Center for Sustainable Agriculture and Forestry, Niigata University, for assistance in the field. We were given permission to access to its off-limits area by Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, and had got the collection permission application by relevant prefectures and by Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries. This work was supported by Sado City Grant for Scientific Research on Biodiversity and Tadami-machi (2014-2016), and was supported in part by the JSPS KAKENHI (Grant Number JP15K07473).

摘要: In Japan, Camellia japonica and Camellia rusticana are naturally distributed. Despite differences in their habitats and morphologies, they have been classified by various researchers as either varieties, subspecies, or species. The taxonomic position of C. japonica and C. rusticana remain unclear because morphological comparisons have been restricted to limited areas and quantitative data are scarce. C. rusticana grows in snowy places, unlike C. japonica. While C. japonica displays ornithophily, C. rusticana displays entomophily. Both species have adapted to different growing environments and pollinators, which have altered the morphology of flowers and leaves. We therefore quantitatively estimated the differentiation between these two taxa by comparing the morphologies of leaf hypodermis, flower form, petal color, and filament color in twenty populations. Our findings allowed us to differentiate these two species by the presence or absence of a leaf hypodermis. We also discovered an intermediate type of leaf hypodermis, which might also be caused by hybridization. Principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that the flower morphologies between these species were significantly different. The petal and filament colors were also significantly different. Our quantitative analysis suggests that speciation caused by differences in both pollinators and environment is one of the factors involved in this group. These findings in C. japonica and C. rusticana help to explain speciation processes for other species as well.

关键词: Camellia japonica, Camellia rusticana, Ecological isolation, Pollinator shift, Pollination syndrome, Reproductive isolation

Abstract: In Japan, Camellia japonica and Camellia rusticana are naturally distributed. Despite differences in their habitats and morphologies, they have been classified by various researchers as either varieties, subspecies, or species. The taxonomic position of C. japonica and C. rusticana remain unclear because morphological comparisons have been restricted to limited areas and quantitative data are scarce. C. rusticana grows in snowy places, unlike C. japonica. While C. japonica displays ornithophily, C. rusticana displays entomophily. Both species have adapted to different growing environments and pollinators, which have altered the morphology of flowers and leaves. We therefore quantitatively estimated the differentiation between these two taxa by comparing the morphologies of leaf hypodermis, flower form, petal color, and filament color in twenty populations. Our findings allowed us to differentiate these two species by the presence or absence of a leaf hypodermis. We also discovered an intermediate type of leaf hypodermis, which might also be caused by hybridization. Principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that the flower morphologies between these species were significantly different. The petal and filament colors were also significantly different. Our quantitative analysis suggests that speciation caused by differences in both pollinators and environment is one of the factors involved in this group. These findings in C. japonica and C. rusticana help to explain speciation processes for other species as well.

Key words: Camellia japonica, Camellia rusticana, Ecological isolation, Pollinator shift, Pollination syndrome, Reproductive isolation