新疆野苹果自然种群根际固氮菌、解磷菌及解钾菌对叶片养分和生理指标的影响

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2022.0406

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

新疆野苹果(Malus sieversii)根际固氮菌(NFB)、解磷菌(PSB)及解钾菌(KSB)的定植数量, 不仅影响植物补充养分, 促进生长, 也可以诱导系统抗性(ISR), 提高抗性抑制疾病。因此, 探讨新疆野苹果根际NFB、PSB及KSB定植数量对生理指标的影响, 确定野苹果生长较好时根际微生物数量, 对研究其氮、磷、钾的吸收至关重要。该研究以新疆8个自然种群新疆野苹果根际土壤及植株叶片为实验材料, 分离NFB、有机解磷菌(oPSB)、无机解磷菌(iPSB)及KSB, 估算功能菌株数量并测定新疆野苹果叶片生理指标, 叶片及土壤中氮、磷、钾含量。结果表明: (1) 8个种群新疆野苹果根际4种功能菌株定植总数量存在极显著差异, 其中新源县野果林种群oPSB、iPSB、NFB及4种功能菌株定植总数最多, 巩留县那孜工队种群KSB定植数量最多; (2) 4种功能菌株总数、PSB数量与新疆野苹果叶片过氧化氢酶活性呈正相关关系, KSB数量与其叶片氧化还原酶活性呈正相关关系。证明新疆野苹果根际氮、磷、钾活化菌定植数量与其抗性存在关联。(3)在营养生长方面, oPSB数量反映叶片磷和氮含量; iPSB数量反映土壤磷含量, oPSB和NFB数量反映土壤氮含量; KSB数量反映叶片和土壤钾的含量; (4)定植数量分别在7.08 × 10⁴ CFU·g^-1 (NFB)、2.7 × 10⁷CFU·g^-1 (PSB)及4.98 × 10⁵CFU·g^-1 (KSB)时, 叶片及土壤中氮、磷、钾含量较高, 新疆野苹果营养生长最佳。研究确定了野苹果生长较好时根际微生物数量, 以期为施用功能菌株的接种量提供理论依据, 也为新疆野苹果林生态保护提供参考。

关键词: 固氮菌, 解磷菌, 解钾菌, 定植数量, 生理指标, 氮含量, 磷含量, 钾含量

Abstract:

Aims This study aimed to investigate how the colonization numbers of nitrogen-fixing, phosphate-solubilizing, and potassium-solubilizing bacteria affect the physiological traits of Malus sieversii and to ascertain the abundance of rhizosphere microorganisms conducive to their thriving in Xinjiang, China.
Methods In this study, we utilized the rhizosphere soil of M. sieversii sourced from eight distinct natural populations in Xinjiang as our primary experimental materials. Our objectives included the isolation and quantification of nitrogen-fixing bacteria (NFB), organic phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (oPSB), inorganic phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (iPSB), and potassium-solubilizing bacteria (KSB). Additionally, we assessed the physiological characteristics of M. sieversii leaves, as well as determined the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content in both the leaves and the soil.
Important findings (1) A statistically significant difference was observed in the total count of four functional bacterial strains colonizing the rhizosphere across eight distinct populations of M. sieversii. The population in Wild Fruit Forest, Xinyuan County exhibited the highest cumulative count of oPSB, iPSB, NFB, and the four functional strains, while the population in Nazi Work Team, Gongliu County, displayed the highest count of KSB. (2) Both the cumulative count of the four functional bacterial strains and the count of PSB exhibited a positive correlation with changes in catalase activity within the leaves. Simultaneously, the count of KSB demonstrated a positive correlation with peroxidase activity. These findings support the existence of a correlation between the population of rhizosphere bacteria activating nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in M. sieversii and its resistance to external factors. (3) Regarding nutrient uptake, the counts of oPSB corresponded to phosphorus and nitrogen levels in the leaves, while iPSB counts aligned with soil phosphorus content. Additionally, both oPSB and NFB counts correlated with soil nitrogen content, while KSB counts reflected the potassium content in both leaves and soil. (4) Optimal nutritional growth of M. sieversii occurred with bacterial colonization counts of 7.08 × 10⁴ CFU·g^-1 (NFB), 2.7 × 10⁷ CFU·g^-1 (PSB), and 4.98 × 10⁵ CFU·g^-1 (KSB), respectively, resulting in higher nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium levels in both leaves and soil.

Key words: nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, potassium solubilizing bacteria, number of colonies, physiological traits, nitrogen content, phosphorus content, potassium content

焦荟颖, 刘立强, 杨佳鑫, 秦伟, 王睿哲. 新疆野苹果自然种群根际固氮菌、解磷菌及解钾菌对叶片养分和生理指标的影响. 植物生态学报, 2024, 48(7): 930-942. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2022.0406

JIAO Hui-Ying, LIU Li-Qiang, YANG Jia-Xin, QIN Wei, WANG Rui-Zhe. Effects of rhizosphere nitrogen-fixing, phosphate-solubilizing and potassium-solubilizing bacteria on leaf nutrients and physiological traits in different natural populations of Malus sieversii. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2024, 48(7): 930-942. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2022.0406

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2022.0406

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2024/V48/I7/930

图/表 6

表1 新疆野苹果根际土壤取样点概况

Table 1 Summary of rhizosphere soil sampling sites for Malus sieversii

采样地点 Sampling site	土壤类型 Soil type	经度 Longitude (E)	纬度 Latitude (N)	海拔 Altitude (m)
A1	黑钙土 Chernozem	80.79°	44.43°	1 121.95
A2		80.80°	44.43°	1 121.85
A3		80.80°	44.44°	1 121.92
B1	灰钙土 Sierozem	81.39°	43.93°	625.80
B2		81.39°	43.93°	625.44
B3		81.39°	43.93°	625.97
C1	黑钙土 Chernozem	83.61°	43.38°	1 445.31
C2		83.60°	43.37°	1 445.28
C3		83.61°	43.38°	1 445.32
D1	黑钙土 Chernozem	82.73°	43.20°	1 296.37
D2		82.73°	43.20°	1 296.29
D3		82.73°	43.20°	1 296.56
E1	棕钙土 Brown calcium soil	82.75°	43.22°	1 273.59
E2		82.75°	43.22°	1 273.28
E3		82.75°	43.22°	1 272.98
F1	黑钙土 Chernozem	82.86°	43.26°	1 289.57
F2		82.86°	43.26°	1 288.86
F3		82.86°	43.26°	1 289.31
G1	黑钙土 Chernozem	84.00°	46.37°	1 250.84
G2		84.00°	46.37°	1 250.67
G3		84.00°	46.37°	1 250.29
H1	黑钙土 Chernozem	83.53°	46.15°	900.26
H2		83.53°	46.15°	900.59
H3		83.53°	46.15°	900.76

表2 不同种群新疆野苹果根际功能菌株定植数量

Table 2 Number of rhizosphere functional strains in different populations of Malus sieversii

种群 Population	有机解磷菌 oPSB (CFU·g^-1)	无机解磷菌 iPSB (CFU·g^-1)	固氮菌 NFB (CFU·g^-1)	解钾菌 KSB (CFU·g^-1)	4种功能菌株总数 Total number of 4 functional bacterias (CFU·g^-1)
A	7.12 × 10^6Cc	7.05 × 10^4Ef	7.08 × 10^4Bb	1.12 × 10^3Ccd	7.27 × 10^6Cc
B	1.30 × 10^6Ff	3.85 × 10^5Cc	3.82 × 10^2Gg	1.29 × 10^4Bb	1.69 × 10^6Ff
C	2.48 × 10^7Aa	2.47 × 10^6Aa	8.30 × 10^4Aa	5.27 × 10^3Cc	2.75 × 10^7Aa
D	3.68 × 10^6Dd	3.62 × 10^5Cd	1.63 × 10^3Ff	1.22 × 10^4Bb	4.05 × 10^6Dd
E	8.27 × 10^6Bb	8.15 × 10^5Bb	8.21 × 10^2FGg	5.15 × 10^2Cd	9.09 × 10^6Bb
F	2.32 × 10^6Ee	5.00 × 10^4Ef	5.00 × 10^4Cc	4.98 × 10^5Aa	2.92 × 10^6Ee
G	7.60 × 10^5Gg	1.18 × 10^5De	3.54 × 10^4Dd	1.19 × 10^2Cd	9.13 × 10^5Gg
H	1.65 × 10^4Hh	3.72 × 10^3Fg	1.23 × 10^4Ee	7.94 × 10^2Ccd	3.34 × 10^4Hh

图1 不同种群新疆野苹果叶片生理指标(柱形)及其根际4种功能菌株总数量(折线)变化(平均值±标准误)。Car, 类胡萝卜素含量; CAT, 过氧化氢酶活性; Chl a, 叶绿素a含量; Chl b, 叶绿素b含量; MDA, 丙二醛含量; POD, 过氧化物酶活性; Pro, 脯氨酸含量; SOD, 超氧化物歧化酶活性。不同小写字母表示种群间在0.05水平差异显著, 不同大写字母表示在0.01水平差异显著。地点同表1。

Fig. 1 Changes in leaf physiological characteristics (column) of different populations of Malus sieversii and their total number (polyline) of four functional strains of rhizosphere bacteria (mean ± SE). Car, carotenoid content; CAT, catalase activity; Chl a, chlorophyll a content; Chl b, chlorophyll b content; MDA, malondialdehyde content; POD, peroxidase activity; Pro, proline content; SOD, superoxide dismutase activity. Distinct lowercase letters denote significant differences at the 0.05 significance level, while differing uppercase letters signify significant distinctions at the 0.01 significance level among populations. Site see Table 1.

图2 不同种群新疆野苹果叶片氮磷钾含量(平均值±标准误)及其与根际NFB、PSB及KSB的数量冗余分析(RDA)。iPSB, 无机解磷菌; KSB, 解钾菌; LK, 叶片钾含量; LN, 叶片氮含量; LP, 叶片磷含量; NFB, 固氮菌; oPSB, 有机解磷菌; TN, 4种功能菌株总数。不同小写字母表示种群间在0.05水平差异显著, 不同大写字母表示在0.01水平差异显著。地点同表1。

Fig. 2 Redundancy analysis of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content (mean ± SE) in leaves of Malus sierversii of different populations and the number of NFB, PSB, and KSB. iPSB, inorganic phosphate-solubilizing bacteria; KSB, potassium-solubilizing bacteria; NFB, nitrogen-fixing bacteria; oPSB, organic phosphate-solubilizing bacteria; TN, total number of four functional strains. LN, leaf nitrogen content; LK, leaf potassium content; LP, leaf phosphorus content. Distinct lowercase letters denote significant differences at the 0.05 significance level, while differing uppercase letters signify significant distinctions at the 0.01 significance level among populations. Site see Table 1.

图3 不同种群新疆野苹果土壤氮磷钾含量(平均值±标准误)及其与新疆野苹果根际NFB、PSB及KSB的数量冗余分析(RDA)。iPSB, 无机解磷菌的数量; KSB, 解钾菌的数量; NFB, 固氮菌的数量; oPSB, 有机解磷菌的数量; TN, 4种功能菌株总数。SK, 土壤钾含量; SN, 土壤氮含量; SP, 土壤磷含量。不同小写字母表示种群间在0.05水平差异显著, 不同大写字母表示在0.01水平差异显著。地点同表1。

Fig. 3 Redundanly analysis analysis of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content (mean ± SD) in soil of different populations and their relationship with the number of NFB, PSB, and KSB in the rhizosphere of Malus sieversii in Xinjiang. iPSB, inorganic phosphate-solubilizing bacteria; KSB, potassium-solubilizing bacteria; NFB, nitrogen-fixing bacteria; oPSB, organic phosphate-solubilizing bacteria; TN, total number of four functional strains. SN, soil nitrogen content; SK, soil potassium content; SP, soil phosphorus content. Distinct lowercase letters denote significant differences at the 0.05 significance level, while differing uppercase letters signify significant distinctions at the 0.01 significance level among populations. Site see Table 1.

图4 新疆野苹果根际功能菌株数量与生理指标、氮磷钾含量的相关性。Car, 类胡萝卜素含量; CAT, 过氧化氢酶活性; Chl a, 叶绿素a含量; Chl b, 叶绿素b含量; iPSB, 无机解磷菌的数量; KSB, 解钾菌的数量; LN, 叶片氮含量; LK, 叶片钾含量; LP, 叶片磷含量; MDA, 丙二醛含量; NFB, 固氮菌的数量; oPSB, 有机解磷菌的数量; POD, 过氧化物酶活性; Pro, 脯氨酸含量; SK, 土壤钾含量; SN, 土壤氮含量; SOD, 超氧化物歧化酶活性; SP, 土壤磷含量; Spr, 可溶性蛋白含量; SS, 可溶性糖含量。*, p ≤ 0.05; **, p ≤ 0.01。

Fig. 4 Correlation between the population of rhizosphere functional bacteria and various physiological characteristics, as well as the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content of Malus sieversii. Car, carotenoid content; CAT, catalase activity; Chl a, chlorophyll a content; Chl b, chlorophyll b content; LN, leaf nitrogen content; LK, leaf potassium content; LP, leaf phosphorus content; MDA, malondialdehyde content; POD, peroxidase activity; Pro, proline content; SK, soil potassium content; SN, soil nitrogen content; SOD, superoxide dismutase activity; SP, soil phosphorus content; Spr, soluble protein content; SS, soluble sugar content. iPSB, inorganic phosphate-solubilizing bacteria; KSB, potassium-solubilizing bacteria; NFB, nitrogen-fixing bacteria; oPSB, organic phosphate-solubilizing bacteria. *, p ≤ 0.05; **, p ≤ 0.01.

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