Abstract: In this paper, a new species--Yinshania exiensis Y. H. Zhang is described. The charac-ters of the new species are similar to those of Y. chayuensis (Ser. Yinshanis) and Y. furcatopilosa (Ser. Henryanae). It is distributed in western Hubei. There are two sections and two series under the genus Yinshania. After the investigating of evolutional direction of the principal characters of Yinshania, it is considered that the Sect. Yinshania is an original group, and the Sect. Microcarpae is an advanced group. Western Sichuan and its near area is the center of distribution or the center of differentiation of Yinshania in morden times . This genus may be originated and differentiated from this area.

Key words: Cruciferae