Abstract: In this paper microbial quantity, diversity, and generic distribution in soils of different land uses in the Gaoligong Mountains are determined. The relationship between their distribution in soils of different land uses with human disturbance and environmental elements is also analyzed. The results indicate that the soil microbial quantity and fungal diversity decreases from original forests, secondary forests to young Cun-ninghamia lanceolata plantations. Cultivation is usually favorable to soil microbial growth and reproduction. Both soil microbial quantity and fungal diversity are higher in mature artificial plantations and upland fields; soil microbial quantity and fungal diversity are the highest in original forests and the lowest in degraded lands among all land use types.

Key words: Land use