High molecular karyotype variation revealed in indigenous Elymus nutans in the Qinghai Plateau

doi:10.1016/j.pld.2017.05.003

Abstract

Abstract: The karyotypes of 27 individuals of Elymus nutans from eight wild populations in the Qinghai Plateau were analyzed using sequential FISH and GISH. High FISH pattern polymorphism and karyotype variation were detected within and among populations. The chromosome variations were mainly characterized as repeat deletions and amplifications along with inter-genomic translocations. The chromosomes of the St and Y genomes demonstrated higher polymorphism than those of the H genome. Six different inter-genomic translocations were identified in 33.3% of individuals; type I and II translocations were detected with higher frequency. Further analysis revealed that type I and II translocations were distributed in different geographic regions. The origin of high karyotype variation of E. nutans in the Qinghai plateau is further discussed.

Key words: Elymus nutans, Karyotype variation, Inter-genomic translocation

Quanwen Dou, Feng Yu, Yuan Li, Yanyan Zhao, Ruijuan Liu. High molecular karyotype variation revealed in indigenous Elymus nutans in the Qinghai Plateau[J]. Plant Diversity, 2017, 39(03): 117-122.

References

Badaeva, E.D., Badaev, N.S., Gill, B.S., Filatenko, A.A., 1994. Intraspecific karyotype divergence in Triticum araraticum (Poaceae). Plant Syst. Evol. 192. 117-145.
Badaeva, E.D., Jiang, J., Gill, B.S., 1995. Detection of intergenomic translocations with centromeric and noncentromeric breakpoints in Triticum araraticum: mechanism of origin and adaptive significance. Genome 38. 976-981.
Chen, S.Y., Ma, X., Zhang, X.Q., Chen, Z.H., 2009. Genetic variation and geographical divergence in Elymus nutans Griseb. (Poaceae: Triticeae) from west China. Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 37. 716-722.
Chen, S.Y., Zhang, X.Q., Ma, X., Huang, L.K., 2013. Assessment of genetic diversity and differentiation of Elymus nutans indigenous to Qinghai–Tibet Plateau using simple sequence repeats markers. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93. 1089-1096.
Chen, Z.H., Miao, J.M., Zhong, J.C., Ma, X., Chen, S.Y., Zhang, X.Q., 2009. Genetic diversity of wild Elymus nutans germplasm detected by SRAP markers. Acta Prataculturae Sin. 18. 192-200.
Chester, M., Gallagher, J.P., Symonds, V.V., Cruz da Silva, A.V., Mavrodiev, E.V., Leitch, A.R., et al, 2012. Extensive chromosomal variation in a recently formed natural allopolyploid species, tragopogon miscellus (asteraceae). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 109. 1176-1181.
Cuadrado, A., Schwarzacher, T., 1998. The chromosomal organization of simple sequence repeats in wheat and rye genomes. Chromosoma 107. 587-594.
Dou, Q.W., Lei, Y.T., Li, X.M., Mott, I., Wang, R.R.-C., 2012. Characterization of alien chromosomes in backcross derivatives of Triticum aestivum×Elymus rectisetus hybrids by using molecular markers and sequential multicolor FISH/GISH. Genome 55. 337-347.
Dou, Q.W., Chen, Z.G., Liu, Y.A., Tsujimoto, H., 2009. High frequency of karyotype variation revealed by sequential FISH and GISH in plateau perennial grass forage Elymus nutans. Breed. Sci. 59. 651-656.
Dou, Q.W., Wang, R.R.-C., Lei, Y.T., Yu, F., Li, Y., Wang, H.Q., Chen, Z.G., 2013. Genome analysis of 7 Kengyilia species with FISH and GISH. Genome 56. 641-649.
Dou, Q.W., Zhang, T.L., Tsujimoto, H., 2011. Physical mapping of repetitive sequences and genomg analysis in six Elymus species by in situ hybridization. J. Syst. Evol. 49. 347-352.
Fan, X., Sha, L.N., Dong, Z.Z., Zhang, H.Q., Kang, H.Y., Wang, Y., et al, 2013. Phylogenetic relationships and Y genome origin in Elymus l. sensu lato (Triticeae; poaceae) based on single-copy nuclear Acc1 and Pgk1 gene sequences. Mol. Phylogenetics Evol. 69. 919-928.
Gill, B.S., 1991. Nucleo-cytoplasmic interaction (NCI) hypothesis of genome evolution and speciation in polyploid plants. In: Sasakuma, T., Kinoshita, T. (Eds.), Proceedings of Dr. H. Kihara Memorial International Symposium on Cytoplasmic Engineering in Wheat, pp. 48-53.
Jiang, J., Gill, B.S., 1994. Different species-specific chromosome translocations in Triticum timopheevii and T. turgidum support the diphyletic origin of polyploid wheat. Chromosome Res. 2. 59-64.
Jiang, J., Gill, B.S., 2006. Current status and the future of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in plant genome research. Genome 49. 1057-1068.
Kawahara, T., 1986. Difference in structural variability of genomes in Triticum and Aegilops. Wheat Inf. Serv. 63. 43.
Lipman, M.J., Chester, M., Soltis, P.S., Soltis, D.E., 2013. Natural hybrids between Tragopogon mirus and T. miscellus (asteraceae): a new perspective on karyotypic changes following hybridization at the polyploid level. Am. J. Bot. 100. 2016-2022.
Liu, C.J., Atkinson, M.D., Chinoy, C.N., Devos, K.M., Gale, M.D., 1992. Nonhomoeologous translocations between group 4, 5 and 7 chromosomes within wheat and rye. Theor. Appl. Genet. 83. 305-312.
Löve, A., 1984. Conspectus of the Triticeae. Feddes Repert. 95. 425-521.
Lu, B.R., 1993. Meiotic studies of Elymus nutans and E. jacquemontii (Poaceae: Triticeae) and their hybrids with Pseudoroegneria spicata and seventeen Elymus species. Plant Syst. Evol. 186. 193-212.
Lu, G.P., Nie, B., 2002. Field evaluation of Elymus nutans under alpine grassland conditions. Pratacultural Sci. 19. 13-15.
Lu, B.R., Yan, Ji, Yang, J.L., 1990. Cytological observations on Triticeae materials from Xinjiang, Qinghai and Sichuan. Plant Divers. 12. 1-3.
Lu, S.L., Sun, Y.H., Liu, S.W., Yang, Y.C., Wu, Z.L., Guo, B.Z., et al, 1987. Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae, 9(3). Science Press, Beijing.
Lu, S.L., Liu, S.W., Wu, Z.L., He, T.N., Zhou, L.H., et al, 1999. Flora Qinghaiica. vol. 4, Qinghai People's Publishing Press, Xining.
Miao, J.M., Zhang, X.Q., Chen, S.Y., Ma, X., Chen, Z.H., et al, 2011. Gliadin analysis of Elymus nutans Griseb. from the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and Xinjiang, China. Grassl. Sci. 57. 127-134.
Nagaki, K., Tsujimoto, H., Isono, K., Sasakuma, T., 1995. Molecular characterization of a tandem repeat, Afa-family, and distribution among Triticeae. Genome 38. 479-486.
Ørgaard, M., Heslop-Harrison, J.S., 1994. Investigation of genome relationships between Leymus, Psathyrostachys and Hordeum inferred from genomic DNA: DNA in situ hybridization. Ann. Bot. 73. 195-203.
Pedersen, C., Rasmussen, S.K., Linde-Laursen, I., 1996. Genome and chromosome identification in cultivated barley and related species of the Triticeae (Poaceae) by in situ hybridization with the GAA-satellite sequence. Genome 39. 93-104.
Rayburn, A.L., Gill, B.S., 1986. Isolation of a D-genome specific repeated DNA sequence from Aegilops squarrosa. Plant Mol. Biol. Rep. 4. 102-109.
Sun, G., 2014. Molecular phylogeny revealed complex evolutionary process in Elymus species. J. Syst. Evol. 52. 706-711.
Tsujimoto, H., Mukai, Y., Akagawa, K., Nagaki, K., Fujigaki, J., Yamamoto, M., Sasakuma, T., 1997. Identification of individual barley chromosomes based on repetitive sequences: conservative distribution of Afa-family repetitive sequences on the chromosomes of barley and wheat. Genes Genet. Syst. 72. 303-309.
Wang, Q., Liu, H., Gao, A., Yang, X., Liu, W., Li, X., et al, 2012. Intergenomic rearrangements after polyploidization of kengyilia thoroldiana (poaceae: Triticeae) affected by environmental factors. Plos One 7. e31033.
Xiong, Z.Y., Gaeta, R.T., Pires, J.C., 2011. Homoeologous shuffling and chromosome compensation maintain genome balance in resynthesized allopolyploid Brassica napus. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 108. 7908-7913.
Yan, X.B., Guo, Y.X., Liu, F.Y., Zhao, C., Liu, Q.L., Lu, B.R., 2010. Population structure affected by excess gene flow in self pollinating Elymus nutans and E. burchan-buddae (Triticeae: Poaceae). Popul. Ecol. 52. 233-241.
Yang, C.R., Zhang, H.Q., Zhao, F.Q., Liu, X.Y., Fan, X., Sha, L.N., et al, 2015. Genome constitution of Elymus tangutorum (poaceae: triticeae) inferred from meiotic pairing behavior and genomic in situ hybridization. J. Syst. Evol. 53. 529-534.
Zhang, J.B., Bai, S.Q., Zhang, X.Q., Ma, X., Yan, J.J., Zhang, C.B., You, M.H., 2009. Study on ear characters of Elymus nutans Griseb. in the northwestern plateau of Sichuan province. J. Sichuan Univ. Nat. Sci. Ed. 46. 1505-1509.