Karyotypes of nineteen species of Asteraceae in the Hengduan Mountains and adjacent regions

doi:10.1016/j.pld.2017.08.001

Abstract

Abstract: The Hengduan Mountains region is a biodiversity hotspot. In this study, we report the karyotypes of 19 species (21 populations) of Asteraceae from this region, 14 of which are reported for the first time. We also examined polyploidy in Asteraceae plants and summarized karyotype data in the literature for 69 congeneric taxa. In these genera, there were five different ploidy levels in the region, though the most dominant was diploid (73.08%). There is no direct evidence that ploidy level and karyotype asymmetry are associated with the distribution of recorded Asteraceae species from the Hengduan Mountains. This suggests that polyploidy (26.92%) may not play an important role in the evolutionary history of these plants, even though, among these genera, the ratio of paleopolyploidy was high (46.15%).

Key words: Polyploidy Karyotype morphology Asteraceae Chromosome number Hengduan Mountains

Wenguang Sun, Xiangguang Ma, Jianwen Zhang, Fuming Su, Yonghong Zhang, Zhimin Li. Karyotypes of nineteen species of Asteraceae in the Hengduan Mountains and adjacent regions[J]. Plant Diversity, 2017, 39(04): 194-201.

References

Altınordu, F., Peruzzi, L., Yu, Y., He, X.J., 2016. A tool for the analysis of chromosomes:KaryoType. Taxon 65, 586-592.
Arano, H., 1963. Cytological studies in subfamily Carduoideae (Compositae) of Japan IX. Bot. Mag. 76, 32-39.
Babcock, E.B., Stebbins, G.L., Jenkins, J.A., 1937. Chromosomes and phylogeny in some genera of the Crepidinae. Cytologia 188-210.
Chen, G., Sun, W.B., 2006. Karyotype of four species in Buddleja (Loganiaceae). Acta Bot. Yunnan 28, 37-40.
Chen, G.F., Ba, L.J., Sun, W.G., Lou, X., Zhang, J.W., Li, Z.M., 2013. Karyotypes and chromosome numbers of eight species from the family Asteraceae in the Hengduan Mountains and the adjacent regions. Plant Divers. Resour. 35, 367-374.
Chen, G.F., Sun, W.G., Hong, D.Y., Zhou, Z., Niu, Y., Nie, Z.L., Sun, H., Zhang, J.W., Li, Z.M., 2014. Systematic significance of cytology in Cyananthus (Campanulaceae) endemic to the Sino-Himalayan region. J. Syst. Evol. 52, 260-270.
Chen, J.G., Xu, B., Li, Z.M., Sun, H., 2010. Karyological Studies on Two Species of Compositae from the Hengduan Mountains, SW China. Guihaia 1, 009.
Grant, V., 1981. Plant Speciation. Columbia University Press, New York xii, 563pp.-illus., maps, chrom. nos. En 2nd edition. Maps, Chromosome numbers. General(KR, 198300748).
Gu, H.Y., 1989. On chromosome numbers of Kalimeris (Astereae, Asteraceae) and some related taxa. Cathaya 1, 1-16.
Gupta, R.C., Gill, B.S., Garg, R.K., 1989. Chromosomal Conspectus of Western Himalayan Compositae. Plant Science Research in India:Present Status and Future Challenges. Part 1.
Huang, C.H., Zhang, C.F., Liu, M., Hu, Y., Gao, T.G., Qi, J., Ma, H., 2016. Multiple polyploidization events across Asteraceae with two nested events in the early history revealed by nuclear phylogenomics. Mol. Biol. Evol. 33, 2820-2835.
Jiao, Y.N., Wickett, N.J., Ayyampalayam, S., Chanderbali, A.S., Landherr, L., Ralph, P.E., Tomsho, L.P., Hu, Y., Liang, H., Soltis, P.S., 2011. Ancestral polyploidy in seed plants and angiosperms. Nature 473, 97-100.
Levan, A., Fredga, K., Sandberg, A.A., 1964. Nomenclature for centromeric position on chromosomes. Hereditas 52, 201-220.
Levin, D.A., 2002. The Role of Chromosomal Change in Plant Evolution. Oxford University Press on Demand.
Lewis, W.H., 1980. Polyploidy in Angiosperms:Dicotyledons. Springer, Polyploidy, pp. 241-268.
Li, B.Y., 1987. On the boundaries of the Hengduan mountains. Mt. Res. 5, 74-82.
Li, X.W., 1994. Two big biodiversity centres of Chinese endemic genera of seed plants and their characteristics in Yunnan Province. Acta Bot. Yunnan 16, 221-227.
Li, X.W., Li, J., 1993. A preliminary floristic study on the seed plants from the region of Hengduan Mountain. Acta Bot. Yunnan 15, 217-231.
Li, Z.W., Chen, Z.R., Wang, M.L., 1991. Classification and correlation of the quaternary glacial epoch in the Hengduan (Transverse) mountains. Geol. Rev. 37, 125-132.
Liu, J.Q., 1999. Karomorphological characteristics of three Aster species from southern Qing Hai. Bull. Bot. Res. 19 (4), 392-396.
Liu, J.Q., 2004. Uniformity of karyotypes in Ligularia (Asteraceae:Senecioneae), a highly diversified genus of the eastern QinghaieTibet Plateau highlands and adjacent areas. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 144, 329-342.
Liu, J.Q., Liu, S.W., Ho, T.N., Lu, A.M., 2001. Karyological studies on the SinoHimalayan genus, Cremanthodium (Asteraceae:Senecioneae). Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 135, 107-112.
Liu, J.Q., Wang, Y.J., Wang, A.L., Hideaki, O., Abbott, R.J., 2006. Radiation and diversification within the LigulariaeCremanthodiumeParasenecio complex(Asteraceae) triggered by uplift of the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau. Mol. Phylogen.Evol. 38, 31-49.
Liu, Y., Yang, Q.E., 2014. Cytotaxonomy of Dubyaea glaucescens (CompositaeCichorieae). Nord. J. Bot. 32, 871-874.
Meng, Y., Nie, Z.L., Sun, H., Yang, Y.P., 2012. Chromosome numbers and polyploidy in Leontopodium (Asteraceae:Gnaphalieae) from the Qinghai-Tibet plateau of SW China. Caryologia 65, 87-93.
Meng, Y., Sun, H., Yang, Y.P., Nie, Z.L., 2010. Polyploidy and new chromosome counts in Anaphalis (Asteraceae:Gnaphalieae) from the Qinghai-Tibet plateau of China.J. Syst. Evol. 48, 58-64.
Meng, Y., Yang, Y.P., Deng, T., Nie, Z.L., 2016. New chromosome counts, polyploidy, and karyotype evolution in Aster L. (Asteraceae:Astereae) from the QinghaiTibet plateau. Caryologia 69, 370-378.
Meng, Y., Yang, Y.P., Sun, H., Deng, T., Nie, Z.L., 2014. Chromosome numbers, karyotypes, and polyploidy evolution of Anaphalis species (Asteraceae:Gnaphalieae) from the Hengduan mountains, SW China. Caryologia 67, 238-249.
Myers, N., Mittermeier, R.A., Mittermeier, C.G., Da Fonseca, G.A., Kent, J., 2000.Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature 403, 853-858.
Nie, Z.L., Wen, J., Gu, Z.J., Boufford, D.E., Sun, H., 2005. Polyploidy in the flora of the Hengduan Mountains hotspot, southwestern China. Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 92, 275-306.
Olson, D.M., Dinerstein, E., 2002. The Global 200:priority ecoregions for global conservation. Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 89, 199-224.
Paszko, B., 2006. A critical review and a new proposal of karyotype asymmetry indices. Plant Syst. Evol. 258, 39-48.
Peruzzi, L., Altınordu, F., 2014. A proposal for a multivariate quantitative approach to infer karyological relationships among taxa. Comp. Cytogen. 8, 337.
Peruzzi, L., Eroǧlu, H.E., 2013. Karyotype asymmetry:again, how to measure and what to measure? Comp. Cytogen. 7 (1), 1-9.
Peruzzi, L., Leitch, I.J., Caparelli, K.F., 2009. Chromosome diversity and evolution in Liliaceae. Ann. Bot. 103, 459-475.
Razaq, Z.A., Vahidy, A.A., Ali, S., 1994. Chromosome numbers in Compositae from Pakistan. Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 81, 800-808.
Russell, A., Safer, S., Weiss-Schneeweiss, H., Temsch, E., Stuppner, H., Stuessy, T.F., Samuel, R., 2013. Chromosome counts and genome size of Leontopodium species(Asteraceae:Gnaphalieae) from south-western China. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 171, 627-636.
Semple, J.C., Watanabe, K., 2009. In:Funk, V.A., Susanna, A., Stuessy, T.F., Bayer, R.J.(Eds.), A Review of Chromosome Numbers in Asteraceae with Hypotheses on Chromosomal Base Number Evolution. Systematics, Evolution, and Biography of Compositae. IAPT, Vienna, pp. 61-72.
Shi, Z., Chen, Y.L., Chen, Y.S., Lin, Y.R., Liu, S.W., Ge, X.J., Gao, T.G., Zhu, S.X., Liu, Y., Christopher, J.H., Yang, Q., Raab-Straube, E.V., Gilbert, M.G., Nordenstam, B., Kilian, N., Brouillet, L., Illarionova, I.D., Hind, D.J.N., Jeffrey, C., Bayer, R.J., Kirschner, J., Greuter, W., Anderberg, A.A., Semple, J.C., Stěpáek, J., Freire, S.E., Martins, L., Koyama, H., Kawahara, T., Vincent, L., Sukhorukov, A.P., Mavrodiev, E.V., Gottschlich, G., 2011. Astereae. In:Wu, Z.Y., Raven, P.H., Hong, D.Y. (Eds.), Flora of China, pp. 545-652. Science Press (Beijing) & Missouri Botanical Garden Press (St. Louis).
Stebbins, G.L., 1940. The significance of polyploidy in plant evolution. Am. Nat. 74, 54-66.
Stebbins, G.L., 1950. Variation and Evolution in Plants. Columbia University Press, New York.
Stebbins, G.L., 1971. Chromosomal Evolution in Higher Plants. Addison-Wesley, London.
Sun, H., 2002. Evolution of arctic-tertiary flora in Himalayan-Hengduan mountains.Acta Bot. Yunnan 24, 671-688.
Wang, B., Yang, H.L., Zheng, T.S., Yen, H.B., Xu, X.J., 1999. Karyotype analysis of Carpesium cernuum. Zhong Yao Cai 22, 163-165.
Wang, W.T., 1994. Vascular Plants of the Hengduan Mountains, vol. 2. Science Press, Beijing.
Wang, X., Liu, B.B., Ma, Y.Z., Xie, P.H., He, X.Y., Shang, B.L., Wang, Y.J., 2013. Chromosomal studies on the alpine genus Dolomiaea (Asteraceae:Cardueae) from the Qinghai-Tibet plateau and adjacent regions. Caryologia 66, 186-193.
Wang, Y.J., Liu, J.Q., 2004. A preliminary investigation on the phylogeny of Saussurea(Asteraceae:Cardueae) based on chloroplast DNA trn LF sequences. Acta Phytotax. Sin. 42, 136-153.
Wu, Z.Y., 1988. Hengduan mountain flora and her significance. J. Jap. Bot. 63, 297-311.
Xu, B., Li, Z.M., Sun, H., 2014a. Plant diversity and floristic characters of the alpine subnival belt flora in the Hengduan Mountains, SW China. J. Syst. Evol. 52, 271-279.
Xu, B., Li, Z.M., Sun, H., 2014b. Seed Plants of the Alpine Subnival Belt from the Hengduan Mountains, SW China. Science Press, Beijing.
Yuan, Q., Yang, Q.E., 2006. Polyploidy in Aconitum subgenus Lycoctonum (Ranunculaceae). Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 150, 343-353.
Yuan, Q., Yang, Q.E., 2008. Low incidence of polyploids and high uniformity of karyotypes displayed by Delphinium (Ranunculaceae) in the Hengduan Mountains region of south-west China. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 158, 172-188.
Zhang, D.C., Boufford, D.E., Ree, R.H., Sun, H., 2009a. The 29°N latitudinal line:an important division in the Hengduan mountains, a biodiversity hotspot in southwest China. Nord. J. Bot. 27, 405-412.
Zhang, D.C., Zhang, Y.H., Boufford, D.E., Sun, H., 2009b. Elevational patterns of species richness and endemism for some important taxa in the Hengduan Mountains, southwestern China. Biodivers. Conserv. 18, 699-716.
Zhang, J.W., Nie, Z.L., Sun, H., 2009c. Cytological study on the genus Syncalathium(Asteraceae-Lactuceae), an endemic taxon to alpine scree of the Sino-Himalayas. J. Syst. Evol. 47, 226-230.
Zhang, J.W., Nie, Z.L., Wen, J., Sun, H., 2011. Molecular phylogeny and biogeography of three closely related genera, Soroseris, Stebbinsia, and Syncalathium(Asteraceae, Cichorieae), endemic to the Tibetan plateau, SW China. Taxon 60, 15-26.
Zhang, J.W., Sun, H., Nie, Z.L., 2007. Karyological studies on the Sino-Himalayan endemic Soroseris and two related genera of tribe Lactuceae (Asteraceae). Bot.J. Linn. Soc. 154, 79-87.