滇西北纳西族传统食用植物的民族植物学研究——以丽江地区文海村为例

doi:10.7677/ynzwyj201313063

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

社会的快速发展加剧了民族传统食用植物及其民族植物学传统知识的流失。粮食危机是全世界一直以来面临的危机，而在发展中国家则更加严重，因此开展传统食用植物的民族植物学研究十分重要和迫切。纳西族是滇西北高原上的原著少数民族，在长期生活过程中积累了丰富的传统植物知识。研究采用民族植物学的原理和方法，于2012年对坐落于玉龙雪山山麓的文海纳西族村落开展了野外调查，共访谈信息报告人89人，其中关键信息报告人30人。具体采用了文献研究方法、参与式调查方法、关键人物访谈法和集体讨论法。结果表明：纳西族传统食用植物表现出物种数、采集时间、食用部位、食用类型、食用功能5个层面上的多样性。共记录到传统食用植物146种、45科、67属；与周边玉龙山植物相比，22%的科和7.4%的属至少有1种食用植物。采集时间可持续全年，春季采集的食用植物有20.44%，夏季有22.63%，秋季有48.18%，8.76%的食用植物还可在冬季采收。当地食用的植物部位有8种、食用类型有15种，66种食用植物有药用功能，可预防和治疗18种疾病。多样化的传统食用植物是纳西族抵抗食物短缺的物质基础，也蕴藏着丰富的资源。

关键词: 民族植物学, 纳西族, 食用植物多样性

Abstract:

Knowledge of edible plants used traditionally by ethnic groups is in danger of being lost in fast changing societies, despite the threat of food shortages worldwide. Thus, it is of major importance to conduct ethnobotanical studies of traditional edible plants as still used. The Naxi people are native to Northwest Yunnan and have accumulated abundant traditional botanical knowledge during their existence as an ethnic group. During the whole of 2012, we conducted an ethnobotanical study of edible plants used by Naxi living in Wenhai Village, located at the foot of Yulong Snow Mountain. The investigation involved a literature research and interviews of 89 informants and 30 key informants. A total of 146 species of edible plants belonging to 48 families and 67 genera were documented as in use. The diversity of edible plants encompassed species diversity, collection time diversity, edible part and consumption diversity, and edible function diversity. It was estimated that 22% of plant families and 7.4% of plant genera that comprise the flora of the surrounding area of Yulong Mountain, each contain at least one species of edible plant. Edible plants are collected throughout the year, with 20.44% of them collected in spring, 22.63% in summer, 48.18% in autumn and 8.76% in winter. Traditional edible plants vary according to the part that is edible (eight different types) and consumed (15 types). In addition, 66 edible plants have a medicinal function for preventing or treating 18 different kinds of diseases. The diversity of traditional edible plants used by Naxi people is a rich resource and provides a material basis for avoiding food shortages.

Key words: Ethnobotany, Naxi nationality, Edible plants diversity

中图分类号:

Q 948.12

张玲玲1、2, 张宇1, 王利1、2, 王雨华1. 滇西北纳西族传统食用植物的民族植物学研究——以丽江地区文海村为例[J]. Plant Diversity, 2013, 35(4): 479-486.

ZHANG Ling-Ling-, ZHANG Yu-, WANG Li-, WANG Yu-Hua. An Ethnobotanical Study of Traditional Edible Plants Used by Naxi People in Northwest Yunnan, China——A Case Study in Wenhai Village[J]. Plant Diversity, 2013, 35(4): 479-486.

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