野生植物种子采集技术规范

doi:10.7677/ynzwyj201313055

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

采集保存野生植物种子已成为植物多样性保护的主要手段之一，也是植物种质资源收集保藏的重要途径。虽然农作物种子的采集技术及相关的理论研究已有长期的积累和实践应用，但并不完全适用于野生植物。采集高质量的种子及其相关的实物和信息是植物种质资源长期保存和后续利用的关键，世界各国在建立种子收集保藏设施的同时，也对野生植物种子采集的相关技术开展了理论研究，制定了相应的技术规范，但国内尚未形成统一的野生植物种子采集技术标准和规范。本文根据野生植物的生物学特性与近十年来的实践经验，建议按“采集单元”对野生植物种子及其对应的实物和信息同时进行采集，一个“采集单元”应包括种子、凭证标本、野外数据、图片和DNA材料，并针对采集单元的各个组成部分制定了采样策略、种子采集和采集后处理、凭证标本采集和鉴定、野外数据和图片的采集与整理等方面的技术规范。我们期望通过这些标准规范的实施，在实践中不断修订和完善相关的技术，为我国的科研人员和决策者在开展植物种质资源的收集保藏时提供参考和借鉴。

关键词: 植物种质资源, 种子库, 采样策略, 种子采集, 技术规范, 采集单元

Abstract:

Collecting and banking seeds of wild plant is a complementary tool for plant diversity conservation, as well as an important practice on germplasm’s longterm preservation. Although the sampling methodology and collecting technical standards had been well developed in crop germplasm preservation activities, it is not able to be fully adopted for the wild plant species due to the objective and species differences. The initial quality of seeds is critical for longterm storage and its associated material and information are also essential for the further utilization, technical standards for collecting seeds from wild plants are developed in many countries to improve the quality of seeds collection and data, but are not widely available in China. In this paper, we proposed that seeds, herbarium vouchers, associated field data, images and DNA samples shall be collected simultaneously if it is possible as an entire collection unit, the technical standards for each of the five components of collection unit are also presented here, together with protocols in sampling strategy and seed postharvest handling.

Key words: Plant germplasm, Seed bank, Sampling strategy, Seed collecting, Technical standards, Collection unit

中图分类号:

Q 94-34

蔡杰1、2、3, 张挺1, 刘成1, 张桥蓉1, 郭永杰1, 杨湘云1. 野生植物种子采集技术规范[J]. Plant Diversity, 2013, 35(3): 221-233.

CA Jie-, ZHANG Ting-, LIU Cheng-, ZHANG Qiao-Rong-, GUO Yong-Jie-, YANG Xiang-Yun. Synopsis of Technical Standards for Collecting Seeds from Wild Plants[J]. Plant Diversity, 2013, 35(3): 221-233.

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