胡杨和灰叶胡杨的维吾尔族植物文化研究——以新疆尉犁县为例

doi:10.7677/ynzwyj201414004

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

研究维吾尔人利用植物的传统知识和经验，在社会经济发展和资源保护等方面具有潜在的应用价值。胡杨(Populus euphratica Oliv.)和灰叶胡杨(Ppruinosa Schrenk)是新疆沙漠生态系统的主要植物类群，研究采用关键人物访谈法，对胡杨和灰叶胡杨在新疆尉犁县维吾尔族民间的植物文化进行了研究。结果表明：胡杨和灰叶胡杨的胡杨碱白色结晶体在治疗胃胀、咽喉肿痛、胃溃疡、十二指肠溃疡及消化不良等方面有作用；胡杨碱黑色结晶体用于治疗腰疼、腿疼，有消肿及止痛等疗效；胡杨碱加工后作洗发膏和洗衣粉使用；胡杨水不仅治疗神经衰弱，有延缓衰老、降低高血压及高血脂的功效，还能降低心脏病发病率；胡杨和灰叶胡杨枝叶具有治疗家畜胃胀和肌胃腐烂病的作用。当地罗布人利用胡杨树来建设沙漠生态园及控制土壤沙漠化。研究初步揭示了两种胡杨植物与维吾尔人的植物文化体系，维吾尔族植物传统知识的研究，将对我国民族植物学的发展及多样性产生影响。

关键词: 胡杨和灰叶胡杨, 传统知识, 医疗保健, 黑色和白色结晶体维吾尔族

Abstract:

The study on traditional knowledge and experience of using plants by Uyghurs folk people has a potential application in socioeconomic development and resource protection. Populus euphratica Oliv and Ppruinosa Schrenk are major plants in Taklimakan desert ecosystem of Xinjiang. This study aims to ascertain the Lopnur Uyghurs traditional knowledge on two Populus species and their cultural system related to these species. We investigated the key informants for interviews on using Populus plants. The Populus plants were used for various purposes. The white alkali crystals are using for the treatment of bloating, sore throat, stomach ulcers, duodenal ulcers and indigestion and also in soda, while black crystal is used for the treatment of back pain, leg pain, swelling and relieve pain. Alkali crystals are even used as shampoo after a simple processing and also as a laundry detergent. Populus plants water is applied as a treatment of neurasthenia. It is also used for antiaging, reducing blood pressure, high cholesterol and heart morbidity. Plants foliages are used as veterinary medicine such as bloating and rot of muscular and stomach of livestock. In addition, Lopnur people used the plants to build the Desert Ecological Park and controlling desertification. This article ascertained the two Populus speceis and Lopnur Uyghurs cultural system. Present study will improve the conservation of Lopnur Uyghurs folk indigenous/ traditional knowledge on Populus plants and to promote the sustainable development in the socioeconomic diversity.

Key words: Populus euphratica, Ppruinosa, Traditional knowledge, Medical care, White and black alkali crystals, Uyghur people

中图分类号:

Q 948

买买提江·吐尔逊, 艾沙江·阿不都沙拉木, 吐尔逊古丽·托乎提, 乃吉吾拉·喀斯木, 买热巴·塔衣尔. 胡杨和灰叶胡杨的维吾尔族植物文化研究——以新疆尉犁县为例[J]. Plant Diversity, 2014, 36(05): 675-682.

Mametjan tursun, Aysajan abdusalam, Tursungul tohti, Nejiwulla kasim, Merhaba tayir. Plant Traditional Culture of Populus euphratica and Populus pruinosa of Uyghurs Folk ——A Case Study in Xinjiang Lopnur[J]. Plant Diversity, 2014, 36(05): 675-682.

参考文献

傅立国,1992. 中国植物红皮书——稀有植物第1册［M］. 北京: 科学出版社
淮虎银, 裴盛基, 许建初, 2000. 民族药物学研究中的常用方法［J］. 中国民族民间医药杂志, (2): 63—66
杨昌友, 2012. 新疆树木志［M］. 北京: 中国林业出版社
尉犁县地方志编纂委员会, 1993. 新疆维吾尔族自治区地方志丛书——尉犁县县志［M］. 乌鲁木齐: 新疆大学出版社
新疆森林编辑委员会, 1990. 新疆森林［M］. 乌鲁木齐: 新疆人民出版社
新疆维吾尔自治区统计局, 2008. 新疆统计年鉴-2007［M］. 北京: 中国统计出版社
中国科学院中国植物志编辑委员会,1984. 中国植物志第20卷第2分册［M］. 北京: 科学出版社
Arsilan M (阿尔斯朗·马木提), 2009. Study on the characteristics of Xinjiang Uyghur cultural geography［J］. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment (干旱区资源与环境), 23 (12): 36—42
Bodeker G, 1994. Traditional health knowledge and public policy［J］. Nature & Resources, 30 (2): 5—16
Cao DC (曹德昌), Li JW (李景文), 2009. Advance in the research on reproductive ecology of Populus euphratica［J］. Science Technology and Engineering (科学技术与工程), 9 (5): 1202—1209
Chen YN, Chen YP, Li WH et al., 2003. Response of the accumulation of proline in the bodies of Populus euphratica to the change of groundwater level at the lower reaches of Tarim River［J］. Chinese Science Bulletin, 48 (18): 1995—1999
Colding J, Folke C, 2001. Social taboos: “invisible” systems of local resource management and biological conservation［J］. Ecological Applications, 11 (2): 584—600
Deng CZ (邓潮洲), Zhang XM (张希明), Li L (李利) et al., 2010. Community characteristics and population structure of Populus euphratica Oliv. in lower reaches of Tarim River［J］. Journal of Desert Research (中国沙漠), 30: 589—595
Doty SL, Oakley B, Xin G et al., 2009. Diazotrophic endophytes of native black cottonwood and willow［J］. Symbiosis, 47: 23—33
Eusemann P, Fehrenz S, Schnittler M, 2009. Development of two micro satellite multiplex PCR systems for high throughput genotyping in Populus euphratica［J］. Journal of Forestry Research, 20 (3): 195—198
Fan YW (范源伟), Liu AZ (刘挨枝), Wang HF (王华芳), 2009. Transformation of Populus euphratica［J］.Bulletin of Botany (植物学报), 44 (6): 728—734
Han L (韩路), Wang HZ (王海珍), Peng J (彭杰) et al., 2010. Sizeclass structure and distribution pattern of Populus euphratica Oliv. in different habitats［J］. Journal of Beijing Forestry University (北京林业大学学报), 32 (1): 7—12
Han L (韩路), Wang HZ (王海珍), Peng J (彭杰) et al., 2010. Survival analysis of Populus pruinosa population in the upper reaches of Tarim River［J］. Scientia Silvae Sinicae (林业科学), 46 (1): 131—135
Khayir Y (卡依尔·玉素甫), Shirenay P (谢仁娜依·甫拉提), Maripat T(玛丽帕·吐达洪) et al., Phylogenetic diversity of culturable endophytic bacteriaIsolated from the Populus euphratica at the disused ancientUgan River［J］. Acta Microbiologica Sinica (微生物学报), 51 (2): 178—188
Li ZJ (李志军), Luo QH (罗青红), Wu WM (伍维模) et al., 2009. The effects of drought stress on photosynthetic and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of Populus euphratica and Ppruinosa［J］. Arid Zone Research (干旱区研究), (1): 45—52
Li ZX, Zheng CX, 2005. Structural characteristics and ecoadaptability of heteromorphic leaves of Populus euphratica［J］.Forestry Studies in China, 7 (1): 11—15
Liu WJ (刘文江), Pan BR (潘伯荣), Pei SJ (裴盛基), 2003. Ethnobotany for economic development and ecological conservation in Xinjiang［J］. Arid Land Geogrophy (干旱区地理), 26 (3): 223—226
Long SY (龙石奕), Aibibula Kadier (艾比不拉·卡地尔), 2011. Anthological interpretation of the traditional ecoknowledge of the Luobu People in Xinjiang［J］. Journal of Yunnan Nationalities University (Social Sciences Edition) (云南民族大学学报·哲社版), 28 (2): 21—25
Martin GJ, 1995. Ethnobotany: A Methods Manual［M］. London: Chapman & Hall, 125—178
Pei SJ (裴盛基), 2008. Review on two decades development of ethnobotany in China［J］. Acta Botanica Yunnanica (云南植物研究), 30 (4): 505—509
Pei SJ (裴盛基), 2011. Traditional culture and biodiversity conservation［J］. Bulletin of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (中国科学院院刊), 26 (2): 190—195
Sarula (萨如拉), Dabuxilatu (达布希拉图), Zhang QL (张秋良) et al., 2009. The Research on dynamic change of water use efficiency of natural diversiformleaved poplar in E Ji Na Area［J］. Inner Mongolia Environmental Sciences (内蒙古环境科学), 21 (4): 36—40
Saieed NTH,1993. Natural variation of Populus euphratica Oliv.: 1variation in morphological leaf characters［J］. Mesopotamia Journal of Agriculture, 25 (4): 91—102
Shi Y (石玉), Shao XD (肖继东), Li C (李聪) et al., 2008. Ecological environment quality synthesis appraisal method and application on Populus euphratica forest of Yuli County［J］. Desert and Oasis Meteorology (沙漠与绿洲气象), 2 (1): 22—24
Shu Y (舒莹), Guo SX (郭顺星), Zhang DM (张东明) et al., 2005. Studies on active components from endophytic fungi［J］. Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs (中草药), 36 (5): 772—776
Wang HZ (王海珍), Han L (韩路), Li ZJ (李志军), 2009. Preliminary probe to the transpiration waterconsumption regularity of Populus euphraticu and Populus pruinosa in Tarim Basin［J］. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment (干旱区资源与环境), 23 (8): 186—189
Wang JR (王洁如), Long CL (龙春林), 1995. Ethnobotanical study of traditional edible plants of Jinuo nationality［J］. Acta Botanica Yunnanica (云南植物研究), 17 (2): 161—168
Wang SJ (王世绩), 1996. The status, conservation and recovery of global resources of Populus euphratica［J］. World Forestry Research (世界林业研究), 9 (6): 37—45
Wu JX (吴俊侠), Zhang XM (张希明), Li L (李利) et al., 2010. Characteristic and dynamics analysis of Populus euphratica populations at the middle reaches of the Tarim River［J］. Arid Zone Research (干旱区研究), 27 (2): 242—248
Yang YQ (杨永青), Wang WQ (王文棋), Otto A et al., 2006. Physiological adapting mechanism of Populus euphratica under drought stress［J］. Journal of Beijing Forestry University (北京林业大学学报), (增2): 6—11
Zhang J (张杰), Ruan XL (阮先乐), Zhang J (张俊), 2009. Habitat diversity study of Populus euphratica Oliv. and Populuspruinosa Schrenk［J］. Journal of Zhoukou Normal University (周口师范学院学报), 26 (2): 92—96
Zhang L (张璐), Su ZY (苏志尧), Ni GJ (倪根金), 2005. The origin and advances of applied ethnobotanical research［J］. Journal of Beijing Forestry University (Social Sciences) (北京林业大学学报: 社会科学版), 4 (3): 35—39
Zhou Y (周燕), Gao SM (高述民), Li FL (李凤兰), 2009. Meristem cell structure and endogenous hormones changes during the adventitious root primordia Formation of Populus euphratica Oliver［J］. Acta Botanica BorealiOccidentalia Sinica (西北植物学报), 29 (7): 1342—1350
Zhu XL (朱馨蕾), Ma Y (马艳), Zhang FC (张富春), 2007. Construction of a cDNA library and cloning of nhx cDNA from Populus euphratica under salt stress［J］. Bulletin of Botanical Research (植物研究), 27 (1): 82—88
Zumrat A (祖母拉提·阿布都热依木), Cheng G (程刚), Buayshem A (布阿依夏姆·阿木提) et al., 2012. Preliminary Idetification of an Endophytic Yeast from the Storage Liquid in the Stem of Populus euphratica［J］. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences (新疆农业科学), 49 (8): 1483—1488

[1]	耿彦飞1、2, 杨雅1, 张宇1, 张玲玲1, 王雨华1. 食用植物民族植物学研究进展——基于Web of Science文献计量与知识图谱分析[J]. Plant Diversity, 2015, 37(4): 479-490.
[2]	王趁, 张玲玲, 王雨华. 油瓜的民族植物学研究[J]. Plant Diversity, 2015, 37(2): 209-213.
[3]	艾沙江·阿不都沙拉木1, 杨培1, 买买提江·吐尔逊2**, 阿曼古丽·伊马木山2, 阿洪江·吾斯曼3, 杨大荣1. 无花果在阿图什维吾尔族民间的传统应用的调查研究[J]. Plant Diversity, 2015, 37(2): 214-220.
[4]	付瑶1、2、3, 王赟4, 杨永平4、5**, 杨雪飞1、2、3. 西藏东部牧民对藏药植物山莨菪的传统利用及环境适应意义[J]. Plant Diversity, 2015, 37(06): 881-890.
[5]	赵富伟, 姚瑶, 唐秀俊, 谢镇国, 杨胜国, 余永富, 武建勇, 周江菊, 张世玲, 李萍, 杨绍军, 雷启义, 薛达元. 贵州雷公山地区苗族的酒曲植物[J]. Plant Diversity, 2014, 36(02): 261-266.
[6]	顾玮, 杨珺, 杨付梅, 孙黔云, 王跃虎, 龙春林. 西双版纳传统利用的野生药食两用植物[J]. Plant Diversity, 2014, 36(01): 99-108.
[7]	王利1、2, 王雨华1. 大理地区传统药材集市的现状及特点[J]. Plant Diversity, 2013, 35(4): 453-460.
[8]	裴盛基. 民族植物学与生物多样性的可持续利用[J]. Plant Diversity, 2013, 35(4): 401-406.
[9]	哈斯巴根1, 晔薷罕2, 赵晖1. 锡林郭勒典型草原地区蒙古族野生食用植物传统知识研究[J]. Plant Diversity, 2011, 33(2): 239-246.
[10]	满良1, 3 , 张新时1, 2 , 哈斯巴根3 , 额尔德木图3 . 鄂尔多斯高原蒙古族食用野生植物传统知识的研究[J]. Plant Diversity, 2007, 29(05): 575-585.
[11]	张国学，裴盛基. 西双版纳食用色素植物资源研究[J]. Plant Diversity, 2004, 26(15): 1-3.
[12]	许建初. 民族生态学在云南山区资源管理和可持续发展中的应用[J]. Plant Diversity, 2003, 25(14): 1-3.
[13]	龙春林，裴盛基. 文化多样性促进生物多样性的保护与利用[J]. Plant Diversity, 2003, 25(14): 1-3.
[14]	杨立新，曾益群，许建初. 东巴造纸文化与生物多样性管理[J]. Plant Diversity, 2003, 25(14): 1-3.
[15]	刘本玺，龙春林. 岩芋属在中国的分布和民族植物学调查[J]. Plant Diversity, 2003, 25(14): 1-3.