基于生态位分化的秦岭松栎混交林建群种共存机制

doi:10.7677/ynzwyj201515053

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在秦岭山脉中段设置15个油松-锐齿槲栎混交林调查样地，从物种组成、生态位宽度、建群种径阶结构等方面分析了该混交林的群落学特征，并运用典范对应分析技术（CCA）探讨了环境因子（地形、土壤养分）对群落物种分布及建群种形态特征的影响，以期揭示研究区松栎混交林建群种的共存机制。结果如下：（1） 15个样地共记录维管束植物139种，隶属于53科102属，油松和锐齿槲栎的建群种优势地位突出，物种丰富度较高的科分别有：蔷薇科（10属13种）、菊科（6属10种）、百合科（5属10种）和禾本科 (6属6种)；（2）生态位计算结果表明，油松生态位宽度（Bi=2674）和锐齿槲栎生态位宽度（Bi=2679）均高于其它伴生种，且二者之间的生态位重叠值极小（< 01）；（3） CCA排序显示，有机质、全氮、海拔和坡度是影响混交林群落物种分布的主要生境因子；（4）两种建群树种各自的4项形态特征指标（胸径、树高、株数、冠幅面积）沿着环境梯度在CCA二维排序图中呈现出明显相反的分布格局，海拔、坡位和速效氮是形成这种格局的主导因素；（5） Godron坐标计算结果表明该混交林群落稳定性相对较高，且油松、锐齿槲栎种群的径阶结构均表现为增长型。综上所述，秦岭山地海拔、坡度、坡位和土壤氮素等生境异质性促进了油松、锐齿槲栎的生态位分化，并能维持混交林群落中这两个建群树种的长期共存。

关键词: 混交林, 生态位, 生境异质性, 物种共存, 典范对应分析, 秦岭

Abstract:

Based on the 15 plots of Pinus tabuliformis and Quercus aliena var. accuteserrata mixed forest in Qinling Mountains, we analyzed this community’s characteristics from the aspects of species composition, niche width and diameter class, also, we used the Canonical Correspondence Analysis to explore the effects of environment on plants’ distributions and conductive species’ morphological characteristics, the main results were as follows: (1) Fifteen plots record 139 vascular plants, belonging to 53 families 102 genera, the families which possessing higher richness were Rosaceae, Asteraceae, Liliaceae and Poaceae; (2) The niche widths of Ptabuliformis (Bi=2674) and Q var. accuteserrata (Bi=2679) were all higher than other accompanying plants, and there was little niche overlap value (< 01) between them; (3) Organic matter, total nitrogen, elevation and slope mainly effected plant’s distributions; (4) Four morphological characteristics of constructive species in CCA diagram presented a opposite distribution patterns, while elevation, slope position and available nitrogen were the main induced factors; (5) Community stability of this pineoak mixed forest was relatively higher based on Godron index, and two conductive species’ diameter class were all growing type. In conclusion, high habitat heterogeneity of terrain and soil nutrient brought niche differentiation and promoted species coexistence of pineoak mixed forest in Qinling Mountains.

Key words: Mixed forest, Niche, Habitat heterogeneity, Species coexistence, CCA, Qinling Mountains

中图分类号:

Q 948

吴昊1、2、3. 基于生态位分化的秦岭松栎混交林建群种共存机制[J]. Plant Diversity, 2015, 37(06): 828-836.

WU Hao. Constructive Species’ Coexistence Mechanisms of PineOak Mixed Forest in Qinling Mountains Based on the Niche Differentiation[J]. Plant Diversity, 2015, 37(06): 828-836.

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