贵州珍稀濒危植物皱叶瘤果茶的种群生态特征研究

doi:10.7677/ynzwyj201515105

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

皱叶瘤果茶 (Camellia rhytidophylla) 是颇具经济价值的特有濒危植物，分布于贵州高原亚地区（ⅢD10d）开阳县花梨镇洛旺河流域海拔573~920m的常绿阔叶落叶混交林中，研究其种群生命特征与保育利用具有重要意义。选择皱叶瘤果茶疑似分布区（6km2）开展踏查，在密集分布区设置样地进行详查，分析其种群结构、动态和空间分布格局。结果表明：皱叶瘤果茶种群结构为增长型，幼龄树在种群中占的比重达4638%，种群密度大小为幼龄树＞中龄树＞成年树，种群存活曲线为DeeveyⅢ型，死亡率曲线和消失率曲线分别在Ⅰ龄期和Ⅳ龄期出现2个高峰，随后又同时在Ⅲ龄期和Ⅵ龄期出现2个低谷。2个样地内的幼树种群在所有尺度下均呈集群分布，中龄树种群在小尺度上呈集群分布，在大尺度上则表现为随机分布，成年树种群由于人为活动干扰和生境异质性而使空间分布格局明显不同。各发育阶段的空间分布格局有较大差异，关系不密切，均表现为负相关或不相关。皱叶瘤果茶种群空间分布格局是其物种生物学特性、生境异质性及人为干扰等因素共同作用的结果，自然繁殖率极低是限制种群扩散的关键因素，生境异质性、山丘阻碍种子散布以及人类活动的干扰是其种群狭限分布的主要原因。

关键词: 皱叶瘤果茶, 特有植物, 种群生态特征, 空间分布格局, 静态生命表

Abstract:

Camellia rhytidophylla is endemic and endangered and with important economic species, from the ⅢD10d in eastern Asia, which distributed at 573-920m in evergreen broadleaved deciduous mixed forest in Luowang river valley of Kaiyang county. So, it is significant to study the population characteristics, conservation and utilization. We took general survey in suspected distribution area about 6 square kilometers, set up plots in dense area, and analyzed the population structure, development and spatial distribution pattern. The results showed that the structure of Crhytidophylla populations were increasing and the proportion of young tree in population was 4638%. The size of population density was young shrubs＞middleaged shrubs＞adult shrubs. The survival curve of population was DeeveyⅢ model. There were 2 peaks in the Ⅰand Ⅳ ageclasses on the mortality rate curve and disappearance rate curve respectively, then there are 2 troughs in the Ⅲ and Ⅵ age classed at the same time. The spatial distribution pattern of Crhytidophylla significantly differentiated at different stages of development, the young individuals were aggregated at all spatial scales while the middleaged individuals were aggregated at small spatial scales and randomly distributed at larger scales. Differences in the distribution of adult individuals could be attributed to artificial disturbance and habitat heterogeneity. The spatial pattern was not close in different stages of development, which all showed negative or no correlation. The spatial distribution pattern of Crhytidophylla was the interaction of the factors, such as its biological characteristics,habitat heterogeneity, and artificial disturbance, etc.. The key factor limiting population development was low natural reproduction rate; the primary factors causing its endemic distribution mainly included habitat heterogeneity, topographical constraints on seed dispersal and artificial disturbance.

Key words: Camellia rhytidophylla, Endemic plant, Population ecological characteristics, Spatial distribution pattern, Static life table

中图分类号:

Q 948

刘海燕1, 杨乃坤2, 邹天才3. 贵州珍稀濒危植物皱叶瘤果茶的种群生态特征研究[J]. Plant Diversity, 2015, 37(06): 837-848.

LIU Hai-Yan-, YANG NAi-Kun-, JU Tian-Cai. Population Ecological Characteristics of the Rare and Endangered Plant Camellia rhytidophylla from Guizhou[J]. Plant Diversity, 2015, 37(06): 837-848.

参考文献

Agricultural regional planning committee of Kaiyang county, 1989. Comprehensive Agricultural Regionalization of Kaiyang County［M］. Guiyang: Guizhou People′s Publishing House
Cetis A, Franklin J, 1987. Secondorder neighborhood analysis of mapped point patterns［J］. Ecology, 68: 473—477
Condit R, Ashton PS, Baker P, 2000. Spatial patterns in the distribution of tropical tree species［J］. Science, 288: 1414—1418
DCP (Scientific Database of China Plant Species), 2014. http://www.plants.csdb.cn/eflora/view/search/chs_contents.aspx?CPNI=CPNI00310086［OL］
Diglle P, 1983. Statistical Analysis of Spatial Point Patterns［M］. New York: Academic Press
Feng L, Hong W, Wu CZ, 2003. Study on the dynamics of the endangered plant population of Tsuga tchekiangensis［J］. Journal of Wuhan Botanical Research, 21: 401—405
Haase P, 1995. Spatial pattern analysis in ecology based on Ripley’s Kfunction: Introduction and methods of edge correction［J］. Journal of Vegetation Science, 6: 575—582
He FL, Duncan RP, 2000. Densitydependent effects on tree survival in an oldgrowth Douglas fir forest［J］. Journal of Ecology, 88: 676—688
Jiang H, 1992. Ecology of Picea asperata Population［M］. Beijing: China Forestry Publishing House, 8—32
John R, Dalling JW, Harms KE, 2007. Soil nutrients influence spatial distributions of tropical tree species［J］. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 104: 864—869
Li MH, He FH, Liu Y, 2005a. Spatial distribution pattern of tree individuals in the Schrenk spruce forest northwest, China［J］. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 25: 1000—1006
Li YL, Zhang J, Pan YZ, 2005b. The germplasm resources of Camellia plants and their utilization in landscape gardens in Sichuan Province, China［J］. Southwest Horticulture, 33: 26—27
Li SF, Liu WD, Su JR, 2013. Age structure and spatial distribution patterns of Taxus yunnanensis population in Lanping County, Yunnan Province［J］. Acta Botanica BorealiOccidentalia Sinica, 33: 0792—0799
Li YK, Yang MZ, 1987. A news species of Camellia from Guizhou［J］. Guihaia, 7: 13—14
Liang F, Zhang W, 2014. The preliminary study on landslide stability in Qingjiang Village Kaiyang county of Guizhou province Flower plow［J］. Shanxi Architecture, 40(4):81—83
Lin YC, Chang LW, Yang KC, 2011. Point patterns of tree distribution determined by habitat heterogeneity and dispersal limitation［J］. Oecologia, 165: 175—184
Liu GF, Ding Y, Zang RG, 2011a. Distribution patterns of Picea schrenkiana var. tianschanica population in Tianshan Mountains［J］. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 22: 9—13
Liu HY, Zou TC, Zhou HY et al., 2011b. Studies on cultivation and propagation of twenty species native ornamental plants in Guizhou［J］. Guizhou Agricultural Sciences, 39: 29—33
Long XQ, 2013. Exploitation and utilization of the woody edible oil resources in Guizhou［J］. Resources Development & Market, 19: 243—247
Queenborough SA, Burslem DFRP, Garwood NC, 2007. Habitat niche partitioning by 16 species of Myristicaceae in Amazonian Ecuador［J］. Plant Ecology, 192: 193—207
Wang L, Sun QW, Hao CY, 2010. Point pattern analysis of different ageclass Taxus chinensis var. mairei individuals in mountainous area of southern Anhui Province［J］. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 21: 272—278
Wu ZY, Sun H, Zhou ZK, 2010. Floristics of Seed Plants from China［M］. Beijing: Science Press
Xu XH, Yu MD, Hu ZH, 2005. The structure and dynamics of Castanopsis eyrei populations in Gutian Mountain Natural Reserve in Zhejiang, East China［J］. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 25: 645—653
Yan GQ, Zhao GF, Hu ZH, 2001. Population structure and dynamics of Larix chinenesis in Qinling Mountain［J］. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 12: 824—828
Ying JS, Chen ML, 2011. Plant Geography of China［M］. Beijing: Science Press
Yuan CM, Meng GT, Fang XJ, 2012. Age structure and spatial distribution of the rare and endangered plant Alcimandra cathcartii［J］. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 32: 3866—3872
Zhang JT, 1998. Analysis of spatial point pattern for plant species［J］. Acta Phytoecologica Sinica, 22: 344—349
Zhang HD (张宏达), Ren SX (任善湘), 1998. Theaceae［A］// Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae, 49 (3) ［M］. Beijing: Science Press
Zhang JT, Meng DP, 2004. Spatial pattern analysis of individuals in different ageclasses of Larix principisrupprechtii in Luya mountain reserve, Shanxi, China［J］. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 24: 35—40
Zhang QY, Zhang YC, Luo P, 2007a. Ecological characteristics of a Sabina saltuaria population at timberline on the southfacing slope of Baima Snow Mountain, Southwest China［J］. Journal of Plant Ecology (Chinese Version), 31: 857—864
Zhang J, Hao ZQ, Song B, 2007b. Spatial distribution patterns and associations of Pinus koraiensis and Tilia amurensis in broadleaved Korean pine mixed forest in Changbai Mountains［J］. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 18: 1681—1687
Zhang T, Liu HY, Zou TC, 2010. Main chemical components in leaves of eight wild Camellia species in Guizhou［J］. Guizhou Agricultural Sciences, 38: 78—80
Zhang XP, Guo CY, Zhang Q, 2013. Point pattern analysis of Pteroceltis tatarinowii population at its different development stages in limestone mountain area of north Anhui, East China［J］. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 32: 542—550
Zou TC, Lou YL, 1995. Studies on phytotomic characteristics in leaves of three wild species from Camellia［J］. Guizhou Science, 13: 11—17
Zou TC, 2001. Guizhou Endemic and Rare Spermatophyta［M］. Guiyang: Guizhou Science and Technology Publishing House, 228—235

[1]	周浙昆1 , Arata Momohara2 . 一些东亚特有种子植物的化石历史及其植物地理学意义[J]. Plant Diversity, 2005, 27(05): 449-470.
[2]	钱宝英, 黎云祥, 廖咏梅, 张亚爽, 杨子松, 冯图. 淫羊藿分株种群特征及其与箭叶淫羊藿空间分布的点格局分析[J]. Plant Diversity, 2005, 27(05): 479-488.
[3]	张亚爽，苏智先,胡进耀. 四川卧龙自然保护区珙桐种群的空间分布格局[J]. Plant Diversity, 2005, 27(04): 395-402.
[4]	刀志灵郭辉军. 高黎贡山地区杜鹃花科特有植物[J]. Plant Diversity, 1999, 21(11): 1-3.
[5]	赵学农曹敏和爱军. 望天树种群动态的初步研究[J]. Plant Diversity, 1990, 12(04): 1-3.