Abstract: The genus Xerula s . str . has been revised and is circumscribed as an assemblage of taxa strictly around the type of the genus, X. pudens . The collybioid basidioma with a pseudorhiza ; the dry surfaces of the pileus and the stipe covered with erect , lanceolate , yellow to brown , thick-walled setae ; the subacerose basidioles in the hymenium and the fertile lamellar
edge delimit Xerula species from other taxa of the Xerula-Oudemansiella complex . Currently , Xerula contains six species . A key to the species , descriptions, illustrations or discussions of the taxa are provided . Xerula strigosa represents a new species resembling X. pudens and X. sinopudens . Xerula sinopudens and X. setulosa are records new to China and Costa Rica respectively. Although Xerula is widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere, no species of it has an East Asian-American or European-Asian distribution pattern .

Key words: Biogeography