Abstract: The distribution pattern of species diversity of Pedicularis in Sichuan and Chongqing, including both geographical and altitudinal pattern, and its relationship with main environmental factors are studied. Following Tsoong′s system, there are 181 species in 70 series of 13 groups ( as“grexes”) now recognized within the genus in Sichuan and Chongqing. The richness of Pedicularis in west of Sichuan is richer than in east of Sichuan. The richness of Pedicularis is richest in altitude 3 500 - 4 000m. With use of GIS, biographic statistics and SPSS, spatial quantitative analysis, correlation analysis,
relationship between main environmental factors in 148 counties in Sichuan and Chongqing and geographical species diversity pattern of Pedicularis is analysed in order to find out the principal factors which influence the present pattern of species diversity of Pedicularis. The result suggests that the high species diversity of Pedicularis in western Sichuan is closely related to species richness of bumblebees, altitude and ≥15℃ accumulated temperature, implying that Pedicularis might not grow normally in the environment with long warm duration, which is also supported by the flourishing of Pedicularis in
cold environment in alpine and subalpine areas.

Key words: Pedicularis