Abstract: There are 15 genera including 52 species of Anacardiaceae in China. They are distributed in those tributaris southern to Yangtze River basin especially in the south-western and southern part of China.Of the 15 Chinese genera, 9 belong to the Tropical Areal-Types, and 6 belong to the Temperate Areal-Types, altogether constituting 8 distribution patterns. By analyzing of these distribution patterns, it reveals from one side that Chinese Flora is widely connected with different floras of the whole world in their historical backgrounds. The flora of southern to southwestern China (especially in S. to S. E. Yunnan and S.Kwangsi) has the closest relationship with that of Tropical Asia (especially Indo-China peninsula), which may be probably the birthplace of the genera Pegia and Drimycarpus.

Key words: geographic, distribution, floristic, Chinese anacardiaceae