Abstract: Yunnan is an area with complicated geography , physiognomy, vertical variable climate condition, luxuriant plant species and diversified forest vegetation; these environmental and biologic factors provide abundant and wide variety of favourable habitats and symbiotic hosts for the growth and reproduction of the ectomycorrhizal fungi . 853 macrofungal species of 172 genera were identified , among of them, 557 species of 51 genera were ectomycorrhizal fungi, and 98 endemic species were confirmed . However many new species and some doubtful specimens in sciences are still existed . 207 species of 64 genera from markets, 168 species of 48 genera are ectomycorrhizal macrofungi and occupy 81.2% in total taxa; more than 120 species are commonly consumed by the local people . The ectomycorrhizal fungal species recorded in Yunnan are more than 60% in total species of China , some genera up tomore than 80% , and endemic taxa to China occupy more than 50% . Thereinto many macrofungi are famous and delicious ectomycorrhizal mushrooms in the world. In northwestern Yunnan, Matsutake-group, Leccinum extremiorientale, Rozites emodensis, Lyophyllum decastes, Albatrellus yunnanensus and L. shimeji are the district representative members. In middle and northeastern Yunnan , Tuber indicum , T. psedohimalayensis, Thelephora ganbajun , Th . vialis, Th . japonica , Boletus brunneissimus, B . bicolor, Cantharellus cibarius,
Hygrophorus russula are common species ; In southern Yunnan , Boletus sino-aurantiacus, B. brevitubus , B. ornatipes, B. rubriflavus, Cantharellus cinnabarinus, C. minor, Cortinarius tenuipes, Craterellus cornucopiodes, Laccaria vinaceoavellanea, Ramaria spp ., Lactarius piperatus, L. volemus , Russula griseocarnosa , Scleroderma citrinum , Suillus placidus are main representative elements . These symbiotic fungi show similar or coincident distributed patters with their host. Yunnan is indubitable one of the richest areas of species diversity of the ectomycorrhizal fungi in the world .

Key words: Complicated geography and physiognomy