Two new oligosecoiridoid glycosides named kusnezosides Ia and Ib were isolated from the whole plant of Gentiana kusnezowii. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic analysis.

ln this paper, 38 samples of Mentha canadensis Linn. from Yunnan Pronvince were studied. The essential oil yields and their chemical constituents were determined. The essential oil yield are about 0. l8% ~ 0.5%, l00 kinds of chemical constituents were identified from the essen-tial oil, which are menthol, menthone, piperitenone epoxied, L-limonene, linaiool and so on. The chemical classification of the planting M.canadensis belong in carvone series. The chemical classi- fication of the wild M.canadensis belong in menthone series, but some of the wild M.canadensis belong in mescellaneous series.

The cultured roots have been induced from explants of stems, leaves and roots of Cyanotis arachnothea using MS medium complemented with NAA and BAP. A liquid lift bioreactor with 2600 mL volume was tested for the root cultivation. lt is noticed that farnesol and cholesterol have no obvious effect on the root growth. But β-ecdysone synthesis was stimulated by cholesterol with an appropriate concentration.

In order to rejuvenate aged mango trees with low output and nearly obsoletation, an experiment was carried out in Daqiaotou mango plantation, Jinggu County, which could provided some scientific data for rejuvenating thousands of aged Mango trees in Jinggu County. Since the fruits of aged mango trees were collected, four kinds of experiment modes, namely strongly rejuvenating, lightly rejuvenating, rejuvenating one every two rows of aged mango trees and lightly pruning, were carried out in the aged mango plantation with a area of l0 hm2 totally including 2064 aged mango trees.

After 1 ~ 8 h of anthesis, the egg cell has no wall at its chalazal end and a space is pres-ent between the plasma membranes of the egg cell and central cell which are discontinuous. The cytoplasm of the egg cell is mainly located at its chalazal portion in which the organelles are inactive. One synergid bears no complete wall at its chalazal end. The other has no wall and the plasma membrane is also discontinuous at its chalazal end which can connect with the "space" between the egg cell and central cell. Wall ingrowths appear at the micropylar and chalazal ends of the central cell. The polar nuclei or secondary nucleus and the surrounding cytoplasm in which many large starch grains are found are near the egg apparatus. At 2l h after anthesis, double ferti- lization is finished. The chalazal end wall of the zygote which contains abundant organelles changes from discontinuous to complete.

63 mg calmodulin was extracted and purified from l kg acetone powder of malze germ germinated for 24 h, which is the highest record for the quantity of calmoulin purified from l kg plant materials. Our results showed that the calmodulin from maize germ had higher biological ac- tivity, could activate cAMP phosphodiesterase within a good range, and its UV absorption spec-trum, electrophoretic mobility on SDS PAGE in the presence or absence of Ca2+ and amino acid composition was similar to those calmodulins from other plant materials. The above-mentioned results indicated that maize germ is a suitable material for the extraction and purification of plant calmodulin.

Karyomophological studies on the three species of genus Siegsbeckia from Kunming of China were carried out by root tips squash method. The three species were found to have the same chromosome numbers 2n =30, basic chromosome number in this genus was x=15, belonged to diploid. The morphology of the resting nuclei and that of the mitotic prophase chromosomes are very similar among the three species and can be classified as complex chromocenter and grad- ual types respectively. At mitotic metaphase, their karyotype formulas and karyotype asymmetry were showed as follows.

Section Camellia, belonged to the genus Camellia, is distributed in Japan, eastern and soutern parts of China. The results represented here showed that almost all the species of Section Camellia in eastern and southern China are diploids, and most of them in the Jinshajiang valley are tetraploids, while those in most parts of Yunnan Province are hexaploids. By using BSG C-banding method, the Cubands among populations studied here were different from each other,which was in accordance with their morphological variation of these populations. For each popu- lation, the Cusbands showed in the distal region of the chromosomes, and only two of them were detected to be homologous in all chromosomes showing C-bands of tetraploids and hexaploids, however, the number of chromosomes showing C-bandings decrease as the ploidy increase. Com-pared the results represented here with the data previously reported by other authors, it was found that the ploidy of the species in section Camellia gradually increased from southern China andeastern China, via Guizhou,to Sichuan and Yunnan Province.

The present paper deals with the karyotype analyses of Chamaecyporis lawsoniana, Ch.obtusa and Ch.pisdera. The karyotype formulas of the species are K(2n)= 22= 22m, 20m+2sm and l4m+8sm respectively. After making comparison among the karyotypes of 6 representative species in Chamaecyporis with related data of geography and fossil, the authors think that the spe- cies lived in North America might be more primitive than that in East Asian. In the Cupressoideae Chamaecyporis may be the most advanced one, Cupressus the most primitive and Fokienia and x Cupressocyparis may be the intermediate taxa. The evolutionary positions of Cupressus funebris and Fokienia hodginsii are also discussed in the paper.

Henan Province is one of the least known provinces bryologically in China. From a small collection of l4 taxa of mosses made in the Neixiang Baotianman Nature Reserve in l994, 8 taxa were new to the province, one was new to mainland China, and one, Anomodon solovjovii var. henanensis B.C.Tan, BouffOrd & T.S.Ying, represents a new record for the species in China and also a new variety. A list of the taxa collected, collection information associated with each, and their status in the province is provided.

The gensus Arachniodes Bl. in Yunnan was exhaustively studied in the present paper.Through wide field observations and vast herbaria studies, the rhizome habits and the characteris-tics of scales on the base of stipe, such as shape, texture and luster, were found to be relatively sta-ble, which can be used to determine the subdivision of this genus. Some useful characters are the paleae or indument on the frond, the degree of complexity, the shape of the apical part of lamina or that of the basal pinna, the shape and issection of the ultimate pinnule, the texture and luster of lamina, the positions of sori on the pinnule and the edge of indusium, which can be moderately applied to recognize species. The size of frond, lamina or pinna, the angle between rachis and rachlet, the distribution of sori on lamina and so on are unstable characters, which can not correctly define species. As a result, the revised classification of this genus in Yunnan was provided. There are 20 species and 2 varieties, including a new section, 3 new statuses, 6 species and a variety newly recorded to Yunnan and 54 new synonyms from Yunnan and other provinces.

The family Aceraceae, with 2 genera and about 202 species, is an important family in temperate forests of North hemisphere. Ecology and distribution of the family and systematic rela-tionships among subgenera and sections of the genus Acer are discussed on present paper. It is concluded that Aceraceae is originated from the tropical area based on analysis of paleoendemics and neoendemics though the family distributed in north temperate. The ancestral forms and both paleoendemics and neoendemics of the family are concentrated in Hengduan mountains, China. And this area is also rich in species and veriety and conjuction with paleoendemics and neoendemics. It is probably that would been an origin place of Aceraceae.

One new species(Cinnamomum brachythyrsum J.Li), two new combinations, one new synonym and two new records are reported in this paper.

Haec species affinis Z. striolatum Diels, sed laminis ellipticis, corollarum lobis ovatis, labelli lobo medio oblongo, modo c. 0.7 cm lato, lobis lateralibus linearibus c. l cm longis, connectivi appendice c. 0.4 cm longa differt.

The family Araceae with 105 genera and approximately 2500 species is almost world-wide in distribution,it inhabits most major ecological zones.In this papaer ther areas of genera are classified into 10 areal types and 31 subtypes ,anmely:(1)Pantopic with 8 genera,including 3 subtypes;(2)Old World Tropic with genera,includeing 3 subtypes;(3)Tropical Asia with 26 genera,including 5 subtypes;(4)Tropical Afical with 13 genera,including 5 Subtypes;(5)Tropical Australasia with 1 genus;(6)Neotropic with 32 genera,including 5 subtypes;(7)North Temperate with 6 genera,including 4 subtypes;(8)Meditteranea with 7 genera,includeing 3 subtypes;(9)Easterm Asia with one genus;(10)South Africa with 3 genera.

It is regarded that genus Camellia with indefinite number of stamins and especially 5 nearly free to variously incomplete connated carpels from a few section is assumed to be the primitive genus in Theaceae.The evolution and distribution of this genus are discussed.The resslts are summarized as follows:(1)According to the morphological characters of main organs(flower and fruit),a taxonomic system consisted of 2 subgenera and 14 sections, including 1 new section are presented here.