In our previous paper,we reported two new eremophilane derivatives from Ligularia veitchiana[1].Further research to the polar section of this plant led to the isolation of a new triterpenoid saponin, named Liguveitoside A．Its structure was determined on the basis of the spectral and chemical methods．

Essential and absolute oil was extracted from Houttuynia cordata Thunb with two dif-ferent ways of petroleum ether and steam distillation. 43 constituents were elucidated by qualita-tive and quantitative analyses of GC / MS. It is revealed that the content of houttuyninum in ab-solute oil is much higher than that in essential oil. The chemical constituens in both essential and absolute oil are similar except fatty acid esters.

A new steroidal sapogenin named wattigenin- A was isolated from the fresh rhizoms of Tupistra wattii Hook.f.(Liliaceae) together with a known one, ranmognin D. On the basis of spec-tral evidence, the structure of wattigenin A was elucidated as spirost-25(27)-ene-1β,2β,3β,4β,5β,6β-hexol.

From the fresh roots of Stellaria yunnanensis Franch. a new cyclopeptide named stellarin A, was obtained and its structure was established to be cyclo(Gly-Pro-Phe-Tyr-Gly-Gly-Pro) by FAB-MS in a previous communication.Recently by a combination of 2D-NMR, FAB-MS and enzymatic degradation,its structure was re-examined and revised to cyclo(Gly-Pro-Phe-Pro-Gly-Tyr-Gly).

As compared with others, keystone species have more farreaching influence to their ecosystems. In accordance with field survey and study of the author, keystone species perhaps can be divided into two types: the first one has an important active role for their ecosystems, it is nor-mally called keystone species, while they are threatened or disappeared, diversial species their sur-vival depended upon them will be threatened or disappeared from the ecosystems as well; the sec-ond one is in contrast with vast potential functional negative influence to the ecosystems, it may be called as "potential keystone species^, while they are developed, diversial species will lose their habits and disappear from the original ecosystems. It is obviously that the two kinds of keystone species need different strategy to manage for biodiversity conservation: protecting for the former and controlling for the later.

Chemical investigation of Dragon's blood resin from Dracaena cochinchinensis in Yunnan yielded five aromatic compounds, ethyl-p-hydroxy benzoate(l), 7,4'-dihydroxyflavan (2), 7-hydroxy-4'-methoxyflavan(3), 7,4'-dihydroxyflavone (4) and lourerin (5) as well as a known steroid saponin (6). Three aromatic compounds showed antifungal activity. In addition, three kinds of domestic Dragon's blood resin from different regions and one kind of the imported were examined with TLC. The results indicated that the chemical constituents of the domestic dragon's blood resin were very similar, while the imported one was quite different.

The pollen of 23 species of Trillium was examined by LM, SEM and TEM. The result showed that the pollen shape, the size and the aperture type are similar basically, characterized by spherical or subspherical pollen grains, inaperturate, size ranging from 20-38 urn in diameter. The exine sculpture, however, shows different and four types are recognized, i.e., granulate-, verrucate-, starred-and spinulate types. The wall exine stratification is faint in most species except T. grandiflorum and T. catesbaei which have obvious tectum and collumellae in wall structure. T. lancifolia and T. lanceolatum have different sculpture, the former has granulate sculpture.the latter starred sculpture .Palynology suggests that the two species be treated as separate species.

Identification by thin-layer chromatography, ultraviolet and visible absorption spectrum of alcohol extracts of callus and stem, leaves of B. pruinosa Franch. proved that the callus had the capability to synthesize berberine. The contents of berberine in the callus was 1.8148, it is slightly higher than the contents of berberine in the stems ofinfact plants (it was 1.58). The growth curves of the callus are sigmoid. When the callus had cultured for about 27 days, the growth rate and contents of berberine were highe than other times.

Lentinus sapr-caju. and Plewotus ostreatus are widely cultivated commercial edible fungi. In order to distinguish these two species and to clarify their taxonomic position, line-drawings illustrating macro-and microscopic features and morphological descriptions and comparisons are provided in the present paper. It is confirmed that L. sapr-cay should not be placed in Plewotus. The most important distinction between L. sapr-cay. and P. ostreatus, or Lentinus and Plewotus, is the hyphal system forming the basidioma. Lentinus sapr-cay. is dimitic having both generative and skeleto-ligative hyphae (skeletal hyphae, either intercalary or terminal, in some other species of Lentinus) whilst P. ostreatus is monomitic having only generative hyphae (occasionally terminal, tpering skeletal hyphae occur in some other species of Plewotus}. The Chinese scientific names for Lentinus sect.

According to the difference of fruits, the genus Gynostemma Bl. was divided into two subgenera: Suben. Gynostemma and Subgen. Triostellum. This paper reports chromosome num-bers of 8 species and 1 variety including 20 populations of this genus. Among them, 4 species and 1 variety are the first reported. Chromosome numbers are usually 2n=22, 33, 44, 66, and 88, the two subgenera have the same basic chromosome number: x= 11. Polyploids are frequent in several species, and triploid and diploid individuals of G. pentaphyllum var. dasycarpum were observed in the same population. The polyploidy is usually related to the morphological feature, reproduction and geographic distribution. Some species with diploid are distributed in small regions, such as G. microspermum, G. laxifiorum, G. guangxiense and G. pentagynum, and polyploids are usually ob-served in some species, such as G. cardiospermum, G. longipes, G. yixingerse and G. pentaphyllum, distributed in larger regions.

Five species, Illiciaceae from China, are revised in this paper. Illicium fargesii Finet et Gagnep. and I. spathulatum Wu are reinstated. I. szechuanensis Cheng is recognized as I. fargesii Finet et Gagnep. var. szechuanensis (Cheng) Q. Lin. I. brevistylum A. C. Smith is reduced to I. spathulatum Wu and I. modestum A. C. Smith is reduced to I. micranthum Dunn. Some provincial new records are reported.

The paper described 3 new species and 1 new variety of Athyriaceae from Mt. Gongga (Minya Gonkar), Sichuan, China, i.e. Athyrium gonggaense. A. ludingense. A. wardii var. densipinnum and Lunathyrium ludingense.

Salicaceae consists of 650 species in the world and is divided into 3 genera, Chosenia Nakai, Papulus L. and Salix L. The pendulous catkin is favourable to wind pollination and the erect catkin is favourable to insect pollination. The genus Chosenia has staminate catkins that fa-vourable to wind pollination and pistillate catkins that favourable to insect pollination. This kind of structure of the genus Chosenia is an incomplete evolution phenomenon. So, Chosenia is the most primitive genus of the family. Populus is branch of wind pollination and Salix is an other branch of insect pollination. Most species of the family is distributed in north hemisphere. It is a typical temperate family. The centre of its modern distribution and diversity is in east Asia. The place of origin of the family is in the northeast part of East Asia. According to the data of histori-cal geology and fossils, and modern distributon of the family and its outer group, the date of the origin of the family's two branches (wind pollination and insect pollination) is got late in the Aptian of Early Cretaceous, and the ancestors before the origin of the two braocfces maybe pressent before Early Cretaceous.

This work, as the last part of the revision on Chinese Euphorbia (sensu lato), reported 4 uncleared species, 9 synonyms, 3 new record species and 4 reconfirmed species of Euphorbia. And now all the Chinese species of the genus Euphorbia have been reported unless they are sure.

Saururaceae is a small relict family distributed disjunctly between Eastern Asia and North America. At the present time it only contains 4 genera and 6 species. According to the com-prehensive analysis of the data from cytology, palynology, floral organogenesis and vasculature, embryology, comparative morphology and anatomy, the phylogenetic relationship among the genera of Saururaceae are inferred. The primitive genus Saururus with 2 species is considered much more primitive than the other three genera because it has preserved the probably most prim-itive characters from their ancester. Another Asian genus Gymnotheca with 2 species presents transitional group in the family.

Diuranthera Hemsl. is a monospecies genus of Liliaceae. D. minor Hemsl. is endemic to Yunnan, Sichuan and Guizhou Province. Its morphological and cytological characteristics and chemical constituents are similar to or the same as the northern border species of Chlorophytum nepalense Baker and C. chinense Bur. et Fr. or C. malayense Ridley. Their distribution area are adjacent or partly overlapped. The author thinks, that the C. malayense polyploid of this pantropical genus has produced adaptable evolution and diversified into different branches when it entered into the more dry and cool Yunnan Plateau. The abruptly changed Diuranthera in morphology is one of its branches, while the C. nepalense and C. chinense are another parallel branch. In a broad sense, the above two genera are a member ofAsphodeleae. but the Diuranthera is younger, it appeared in the Pliocene Epoch ot the early Pleistocene Epoch. It is a newly emerged genus (species) ofAsphodeleae the existanCe and development of which closely related to climate difference caused by the oroganic movement of Himalay and big rise of Yunnan plateau.

This paper deals with the floristic comparison and analysis of the alpine region where high-er than 4200 meters above sea level in the Qinghai-Xizang(Tibet) Plateau. Due to the special physio-geographical environments, the zonal vegetation types of this region mainly include alpine scrub, alpine meadow, alpine grassland and alpine scree, spare vegetation, but the plant species are relatively rich, amounting to 1816 species and 204 infraspecific taxa (variety, subspecies and form) of 339 genera and 67 families of seed plants. Based on the phytogeographical, systematical and paleobotanical researches and analysis of the whole flora and the cytological observations of 57 spe-cies, the flora of this region is characterized by its temperate nature, a close relationship with Sino-Himalayan flora and a young flora with complex origin history which was formed gradually during the uplifting of the Himalayas and the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.

This paper deals with the origin and evolution of Litsea genera group (Laureae) in Lauraceae. It regarded that this group is originated at the southern part of Laurasia, northern part of Gondwana and the tropical coast area of Tethys sea not earlier than mid-Cretaceous. The pa-rallel evolution occurred in this natural genera group. The genera Litsea and Lindera, the nucleus of this genera group, are probably sympatrically originated from the common ancestor. The range from South China to Indo-Malaysia is probably the center of origin and speciation of these two genera, and from there they migrated into Tropical America and Australasia. The other genera of this genera group may be differentiated from this nucleus of the genera group.