人工种植天麻的影响因子优化研究

doi:10.7677/ynzwyj201413100

Plant Diversity ›› 2014, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (02): 254-260.DOI: 10.7677/ynzwyj201413100

人工种植天麻的影响因子优化研究

张德著1、2, 美亮1、2, 何海艳3, 王玉川3, 曹安江4

1 云南大学生命科学院，云南昆明650091；2 云南大学生物资源保护与利用重点实验室，云南昆明650091；
3 昭通天麻研究所，云南昭通657000；4 昭通林业科学研究所，云南昭通657000

收稿日期:2013-04-26 出版日期:2014-03-25 发布日期:2013-08-20
基金资助:
The National Science Foundation of China (30960077, 31360153) and Foundation of Gastrodia Tuber Research Institute of Zhaotong

Study of Factors for Cultivating the Orchid Species Gastrodia elata, a Traditional Chinese Medicine

ZHANG De-Zhu-1、2, MEI Liang-1、2, HE Hai-Yan-3, WANG Yu-Chuan-3, CAO An-Jiang-4

1 Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization for Bioresources and Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry
of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; 2 School of Life Science, Yunnan University,
Kunming 650091, China; 3 Gastrodia Tuber Research Institute of Zhaotong, Zhaotong 657000, China;
4 Forestry Science Research Institute of Zhaotong, Zhaotong 657000, China

Received:2013-04-26 Online:2014-03-25 Published:2013-08-20
Supported by:
The National Science Foundation of China (30960077, 31360153) and Foundation of Gastrodia Tuber Research Institute of Zhaotong

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

天麻是一种名贵的中草药，可用于治疗多种疾病。自然条件下，天麻通过与真菌蜜环菌的共生从腐木获取营养进行生长。为了对人工大规模种植天麻的影响因子进行优化研究，利用正交设计方法，在昭通小草坝地区开展了一个样本量较大的种植实验。在测试的4种因子中，接种蜜环菌对种植天麻影响最大；其次，在露天灌木丛地种植的天麻产量明显高于在林地下的种植。此外，开展了12个树种对蜜环菌生长以及天麻种植的影响研究。结果发现十齿花（Dipentodon sinicus）对蜜环菌的生长最好，同时，也在天麻种植实验中有最高的产量；然而，添加磷、钾元素并不提高天麻的产量。

关键词: 天麻, 蜜环菌, 人工种植, 生态因子, 菌材

Abstract:

The orchid speices Gastrodia elata is a valuable traditional Chinese medicine and has been widely applied for treating a variety of diseases. The yield of wild Gelata is very limited since its vegetative growth is exclusively dependent on its symbiosis with the fungus Armillaria mellea, from which Gelata is able to obtain nutrients from rotten wood in the forest. To develop a standard for cultivating Gelata in large quantities, four factors that may influence the yield of Gelata need to be further investigated, including cultivation environment, inoculation volume of Armillaria, wood from different tree species, and the effect of fertilizer on the maturation of Gelata. To optimize these factors, a largescale orthogonal experiment was performed in the farmland of Xiaocaoba, Zhaotong, Yunnan Province. Among the four factors tested, inoculation of Armillaria played the most important role in the maturation of Gelata. The yield of mature tubers, in terms of both tuber weight and quantity, on open ground is greater than that in forested areas. Of the 12 tree species tested, Dipentodon sinicus stimulated the largest amount of growth of Armillaria and produced the greatest yield of Gelata in the farmland. In comparison to the other factors tested, fertilizer showed no effect on the yield of G-elata.

Key words: Gastrodia elata, Armillaria, Cultivation, Ecological factor, Wood

中图分类号:

Q 948.12

张德著, 美亮, 何海艳, 王玉川, 曹安江. 人工种植天麻的影响因子优化研究[J]. Plant Diversity, 2014, 36(02): 254-260.

ZHANG De-Zhu, MEI Liang, HE Hai-Yan, WANG Yu-Chuan, CAO An-Jiang. Study of Factors for Cultivating the Orchid Species Gastrodia elata, a Traditional Chinese Medicine[J]. Plant Diversity, 2014, 36(02): 254-260.

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人工种植天麻的影响因子优化研究

Study of Factors for Cultivating the Orchid Species Gastrodia elata, a Traditional Chinese Medicine

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