横断山地区海仙报春的谱系地理学研究

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1143.2011.10247

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

由于横断山地区特殊的地理效应，第四纪冰期气候的反复变化对该地区植物的地理分布和居群遗传结构产生重要影响。为了揭示该地区分布的物种的谱系地理结构，检测了该地区特有的、生于湿地环境的植物海仙报春(Primula poissonii)的叶绿体trnL-F和trnT-L两个序列变异。共对13个居群167个个体的两个叶绿体片段进行测序，共发现11个单倍型。三种单倍型被共享，其他单倍型都只存在于单个居群内。分子变异分析 (AMOVA) 结果表明分布区内海仙报春的遗传变异主要存在于居群间 (99.08%), 且居群间的遗传分化很高 (GST =0.916, FST=0.99077, NST=0.973), 有着极显著的谱系地理学结构 (NST>GST, P<0.01) 和较低的居群间平均基因流 (Nm=0.08)。结合嵌套分支分析 (NCA)，本文的研究结果推测该物种在冰期可能存在多个避难所, 并没有表现出大多数温带植物在第四纪冰期所经历过的种群集体扩张和迁移的现象,异域片段化被认为是该物种现有单倍型分布格局形成的主要原因。海仙报春的谱系地理结构是气候的反复波动和横断山特殊的地理环境互相作用的结果。

关键词: 横断山, 海仙报春, 谱系地理学, 叶绿体DNA, trnL-F, trnT-L

Abstract:

The topological effect of the Hengduan Mountains (HM) during the Quaternary climatic oscillation must have important effects on spatial distribution and genetic structure of plants distributed there. In this study, we examined the chloroplast trnL-F and trnT-L sequence variation of Primula poissonii, a relatively common alpine perennial endemic to this region. Eleven haplotypes were detected by analyzing 167 individuals from 13 populations of this species. Only three of them are commonly shared while the others are respectively fixed in the single population. An analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) for populations of P.poissonii showed that the genetic variation mainly resided among populations (99.08%), and the estimates of interpopulation differentiation were very high (GST =0.916, FST=0.99077, NST=0.973). Further, a highly significant phylogeographic structure was present (NST>GST, P<0.01) whereas the value of average gene flow was low (Nm=0.08) in the entire geographical range. Along with the nested clade analysis (NCA), our results indicate there were multiple refugia for this species during the glacial stages. We failed to detect the interglacial or postglacial range expansion in this species as commonly revealed for the other temperate plants. The nested clade analysis indicated that allopatric fragmentation was likely the major processes that shaped the present spatial distribution of haplotypes in this species. The special phylogeographic structure of P.poissonii may have resulted from a combination of both climatic oscillation and complex topology of HM.

Key words: Hengduan Mountains, Primula poissonii, Phylogeography, Chloroplast DNA, trnL-F, trnT-L

中图分类号:

Q 16
Q 948

宋敏舒1、2, 乐霁培2, 孙航2, 李志敏1. 横断山地区海仙报春的谱系地理学研究[J]. Plant Diversity, 2011, 33(01): 91-100.

SONG Min-Shu-, LE Ji-Pei-, SUN Hang-, LI Zhi-Min. Phylogeographical Study on Primula poissonii (Primulaceae) from Hengduan Mountains[J]. Plant Diversity, 2011, 33(01): 91-100.

参考文献

王献溥, 刘玉凯, 1994. 生物多样性的理论与实践［M］. 北京：中国环境科学出版社
刘淑珍, 柴宗新, 陈继良, 1986. 横断山北段第四纪冰川作用［A］. 横断山考察专集 (二) ［M］. 北京: 北京科技出版社
李吉均，冯兆东，周尚哲, 1996. 横断山第四纪冰川作用遗迹［A］. 横断山冰川［M］. 北京: 科学出版社
吴征镒, 1980. 中国植被［M］. 北京：科学出版社
吴征镒, 1987. 西藏植物区系的起源及其演化［A］. 西藏植物志 (第5卷) ［M］. 北京: 科学出版社
施雅风, 李吉均, 李炳元, 1998. 青藏高原晚新生代隆起与环境变化［M］. 广州: 广东科学技术出版社
Avise JC, 2000. Phylogeography: the History and Formation of Species［M］. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press
Bartish IV, Kadereit JW, Comes HP, 2006. Late Quaternary history of Hippophae rhamnoides L. (Elaeagnaceae) inferred from chalcone synthase intron (Chsi) sequences and chloroplast DNA variation［J］. Molecular Ecology, 15: 4065—4083
Beheregaray LB, 2008. Twenty years of phylogeography: the state of the field and the challenges for the Southern Hemisphere［J］. Molecular Ecology, 17 (17): 3754—3774
Boufford DE, van Dijk PP, 2004. Mountains of southwest China［A］. In: Mittermeter RA, Gil PR, Hoffman M et al., eds, Hotspot Revisited: Earth′s Biologically Richest and Most Endangered Ecoregions (2nd)［M］. Cemex, Mexico, 159—164
Chen SY, Wu GL, Zhang DJ et al., 2008. Potential refugium on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau revealed by the chloroplast DNA phylogeography of the alpine species Metagentiana striata (Gentianaceae)［J］. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 157: 125—140
Cheng YP, Hwang SY, Lin TP, 2005. Potential refugia in Taiwan revealed by the phylogeographical study of Castanopsis carlesii Hayata (Fagaceae)［J］. Molecular Ecology, 14: 2075—2085
Clement M, Posada D, Crandall KA, 2000. TCS: a computer program to estimate gene genealogies［J］. Molecular Ecology, 9: 1657—1660
Crandall KA, Templeton AR, 1993. Empirical tests of some predictions from coalescent theory with applications to intraspecific phylogeny reconstruction［J］. Genetics, 134(3): 959
Doyle JJ, Doyle JL, 1987. A rapid DNA isolation procedure for small quantities of fresh leaf material［J］. Phytochemical Bulletin, 19: 11—15
Ehrich D, Gaudeul M, Assefa A et al., 2007. Geneti consequences of Pleistocene range shifts: contrast between the Arctic, the Alps and the East African mountains［J］. Molecular Ecology,16: 2542—2559
Excoffier LP, Laval G, Schneider S, 2006. Arlequin 3.01: An Integrated Software Package for Population Genetics Data Analysis［M］. Switzerland: Institute of Zoology, University of Berne
Fu YX, Li WH, 1993. Statistical tests of neutrality of mutations［J］. Genetics, 133: 693—709
Fujii N, Tomaru N, Okuyama K et al., 2002. Chloroplast DNA phylogeography of Fagus crenata (Fagaceae) in Japan［J］. Plant Systematics and Evolution, 232: 21—33
Hewitt GM, 1996. Some genetic consequences of ice ages, and their role in divergence and speciation［J］. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 58: 247—276
Hewitt GM, 2000. The genetic legacy of the Quaternary ice ages［J］. Nature, 405: 907—913
Ibrahim KM, Nichols RA, Hewitt GM, 1996. Spatial patterns of genetic variation generated by different forms of dispersal during range expansion［J］. Heredity, 77: 282—291
Ikeda H, Setoguchi H, 2007. Phylogeography and refugia of the Japanese endemic alpine plant, Phyllodoce nipponica M. (Ericaceae)［J］. Journal of Biogeography, 34: 169—176
Ishihama F, Ueno S, Tsumura Y et al., 2006. Effects of density and floral morph on pollen flow and seed reproduction of an endangered heterostylous herb, Primula sieboldii［J］. Journal Ecoogyl, 94: 846—855
Jacquemyn H, Honnay O, Galbusera P et al., 2004. Genetic structure of the forest herb Primula elatior in a changing landscape［J］. Molecular Ecology, 13: 211—219
Koch MA, Kiefer C, Ehrich D et al., 2006. Three times out of Asia Minor: the phylogeography of Arabis alpina L. (Brassicaceae)［J］. Molecular Ecology, 15: 825—839
Li XW (李锡文), Li J (李捷), 1993. A preliminary floristics study on the seed plants from the region of Hengduan Mountain［J］. Acta Botanica Yunnanica (云南植物研究), 15: 217—231
Liu JQ, Wang YJ, Wang AL et al., 2006. Radiation and diversification within the Ligularia-Cremanthodium-Parasenecio complex (Asteraceae) triggered by uplift of the Qinghai-Tibetan［J］. Plateau.Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 38: 31—49
Meng L, Yang R, Abbott RJ et al., 2007. Mitochondrial and chloroplast phylogeography of Picea crassifolia Kom.(Pinaceae) in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and adjacent highlands［J］. Molecular Ecology, 16 (19): 4128—4137
Meng LH (孟丽华), Yang HL (杨慧玲), Wang YJ (王玉金), 2008. Phylogeography of Hippophae neurocarpa (Elaeagnaceae) inferred from the chloroplast DNA trnL-F sequence variation［J］. Journal of Systematics and Evolution (植物分类学报), 46: 32—40
Nei M, 1987. Molecular Evolutionary Genetics［M］. New York: Columbia University Press
Newton AC, Allnutt TR, Gillies ACM et al., 1999. Molecular phylogeography, intraspecific variationand the conservation of tree species［J］. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 14: 140—145
Okaura T, Harada K, 2002. Phylogeographical structure revealed by chloroplast DNA variation in Japanese Beech (Fagus crenata Blume)［J］. Heredity, 88: 322—329
Petit RJ, Aguinagalde I, de Beaulieu JL et al., 2003. Glacial refugia: hotspots but not melting pots of genetic diversity［J］. Science, 300: 1563—1565
Posada D, Crandall KA, Templeton AR, 2000. GeoDis: a program for the cladistic nested analysis of the geographical distribution of genetic haplotypes［J］. Molecular Ecology, 9(4): 487—488
Pons O, Petit RJ, 1996. Measuring and testing genetic differentiation with ordered versus unordered alleles［J］. Genetics, 144:1237—1245
Raymond M, Rousset F, 1995. An exact test for population differentiation［J］. Evolution, 49: 1280—1283
Rogers AR, Harpending H, 1992. Population growth makes waves in the distribution of pairwise differences［J］. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 9: 552—569
Rozas J, Sanchez-DeI Barrie JC, Messeguer X et al., 2003. DNASP: DNA polymorphism analyses by the coalescentand other methods［J］. Bioinformatics, 19: 2496—2497
Schaal BA, Hayworth DA, Olsen KM et al., 1998. Phylogeographic studies in plants: problems and prospects［J］. Molecular Ecology, 7(4): 465—474
Shi YF (施雅风), 2004. The emergence and abandonment of the ice sheet hypothesis over the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau during the ice age［J］. Quaternary Sciences (第四纪研究), 24(1): 10—18
Slatkin M, 1985. Gene flow in natural populations［J］. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 16: 393—430
Soltis PS, Gitzendanner MA, 1999. Molecular systematics and the conservation of rare species［J］. Conservation Biology, 13:471—483
Sun H (孙航), 2002. Evolution of Arctic Tertiary flora in Himalayan Hengduan Mountains［J］. Acta Botanica Yunnanica (云南植物研究), 24: 671—688
Swofford DL, 2003. PAUP*. Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony (* and Other Methods). Version 4.0b10［M］. Sunderland, Massachusetts: Sinauer Associates
Tajima F, 1989. Statistical method for testing the neutral mutation hypothesis by DNA polymorphism［J］. Genetics,7: 381—397
Templeton AR, Crandal KA, Sing CF, 1992. A cladistic analysis of phenotypic associations with haplotypes inferred from restriction endonuclease mapping and DNA sequences data. III. Cladogram estimation［J］. Genetics, 132: 619—633
Templeton AR, Sing CF, 1993. A cladistic analysis of phenotypic associations with haplotypes inferred from restriction endonuclease mapping. IV. Nested analyses with cladogram uncertainty and recombination［J］. Genetics, 134: 659—669
Templeton AR, 2004. Statistical phylogeography: methods of evaluating and minimizing inference errors［J］. Molecular Ecology, 13: 789—809
Thompson JD, Gibson TJ, Plewniak F et al., 1997. The CLUSTAL_X windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools［J］. Nucleic Acids Research, 25: 4876—4882
Wang WT (王文采), 1992. On some distribution patterns and some migration routes found in the Eastern Asiatic region (cont.)［J］. Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica (植物分类学报), 30: 97—117
Wang YJ (王玉金), Li XJ (李晓娟), Hao G (郝刚) et al., 2004. Molecular phylogeny and biogeographyof Androsace (Primulaceae) and the convergent evolution of cushion morphology［J］. Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica (植物分类学报), 42: 481—499
Wang AL, Yang MH, Liu JQ, 2005. Molecular phylogeny, recent radiation and evolution of gross morphology of the rhubarb genus Rheum (Polygonaceae) inferred from chloroplast DNA trnL-F sequences［J］. Annals of Botany, 96: 489—498
Wang YJ, Liu JQ, Miehe G, 2007. Phylogenetic origins of the Himalayan endemic Dolomiaea, Diplazoptilon and Xanthopappus (Asteraceae: Cardueae) based on three DNA regions［J］. Annals of Botany, 99: 311—322
Wang FY, Gong X, Hu CM et al., 2008. Phylogeography of an alpine species Primula secundiflora inferred fromthe chloroplast DNA sequence variation［J］. Journal of Systematics and Evolution, 46 (1): 13—22
Wang L, Abbott RJ, Zheng W et al., 2009. History and evolution of alpine plants endemic to the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau: Aconitum gymnandrum (Ranunculaceae)［J］. Molecular Ecology, 18 (4): 709—721
Weir BS, Cockerham CC, 1984. Estimating F-statistics for the analysis of population structure［J］. Evolution, 38: 1358—1370
Wu CY (吴征镒), 1979. The regionalization of Chinese flora［J］. Acta Botanica Yunnanica (云南植物研究), 1: 1—22
Wu CY, 1988. Hengduan Mountains flora and its significance［J］. Journal of Japanese Botany, 63: 297—311
Zhang Q, Chiang TY, George M et al., 2005. Phylogeography of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau endemic Juniperus przewalskii (Cupressaceae) inferred fromchloroplast DNA sequence variation［J］. Molecular Ecology, 14: 3513—3524
Zhang DC, Boufford DE, Ree RH et al., 2009. The 29° N latitudinal line: an important division in the Hengduan Mountains, a biodiversity hotspot in southwest China［J］. Nordic Journal of Botany, 27: 405—412
Zhang DC, Sun H, 2010. Elevational pattern of seed plant species richness in the Hengduan Mountains, Southwest China: Area and Climate［A］. In: Spehn EM, Korner C, eds. Data Mining for Global Trends in Mountain Biodiversity［M］. Boca Raton: CRC Press

[1]	郑鑫1, 闵运江1, 徐波2, 孙航3, 周忠泽1. 横断山区植物的花粉形态及生态意义[J]. Plant Diversity, 2015, 37(06): 657-682.
[2]	黄德青, 李琴琴, 周颂东, 何兴金. 基于nrDNA ITS和cpDNA trnL-F序列探讨薤白的系统地位[J]. Plant Diversity, 2015, 37(05): 537-545.
[3]	王弯, 杨文利, 窦平, 赵冉冉, 张钢民. 基于三种叶绿体基因序列的证据分析阴石粉背蕨和金粉背蕨的关系[J]. Plant Diversity, 2015, 37(03): 301-308.
[4]	向春雷, 陈亚萍, 船本常男, 彭华. 国产香茶菜属十三个分类群的细胞学研究[J]. Plant Diversity, 2014, 36(05): 561-568.
[5]	官萌萌1、2, 马瑞1, 龚洵1. 金沙江河谷特有植物罂粟莲花的保护遗传学[J]. Plant Diversity, 2013, 35(5): 555-562.
[6]	王晓雄1、2, 乐霁培2, 孙航2, 李志敏1. 青藏高原高山流石滩特有植物绵参的谱系地理学研究[J]. Plant Diversity, 2011, 33(6): 605-614.
[7]	谭英1、2, 王智1、3, 隋学艺1、4, 胡光万1. 单种属弥勒苣苔属系统位置研究：基于分子和细胞学数据[J]. Plant Diversity, 2011, 33(5): 465-476.
[8]	杜新宇1、2 , 成晓1. 中国特有蕨属扇蕨属(水龙骨科)的系统学研究[J]. Plant Diversity, 2011, 33(3): 261-268.
[9]	刘阳1、2, 杨世雄3, 高立志1 . 云南古茶园栽培大叶茶和大理茶群体的叶绿体RPL32-TRNL核苷酸变异和遗传分化[J]. Plant Diversity, 2010, 32(05): 427-434.
[10]	方伟，杨俊波，杨世雄，李德铢 . 基于叶绿体四个DNA 片段联合分析探讨山茶属长柄山茶组、金花茶组和超长柄茶组的系统位置与亲缘关系[J]. Plant Diversity, 2010, 32(01): 1-13.
[11]	罗元霞1 , 岳学坤1 , 2 , 孙航2 , 李志敏1 . 横断山脉地区青藏雪灵芝核形态学[J]. Plant Diversity, 2008, 30(6): 662-664.
[12]	岳学坤1 , 2 , 蔡金红1 , 李志敏1 , 孙航2 . 横断山及邻近地区风毛菊属三个种的核形态学[J]. Plant Diversity, 2008, 30(04): 433-436.
[13]	聂泽龙孙航顾志建. 横断山区被子植物染色体研究概况[J]. Plant Diversity, 2004, 26(01): 1-3.
[14]	孙航　　　　　　　　　　　. 北极-第三纪成分在喜马拉雅-横断山的发展及演化[J]. Plant Diversity, 2002, 24(06): 1-3.
[15]	孙航. 古地中海退却与喜马拉雅-横断山的隆起在中国喜马拉雅成分及高山植物区系的形成与发展上的意义[J]. Plant Diversity, 2002, 24(03): 1-3.