锡林郭勒典型草原地区蒙古族野生食用植物传统知识研究

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1143.2011.10158

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

选择当地牧民作为信息报告人，运用访谈和证据标本采集鉴定等民族植物学研究方法对内蒙古锡林郭勒典型草原地区蒙古族野生食用植物进行了调查。结果表明，锡林郭勒典型草原地区蒙古族民间野生食用植物共有29种和2变种；食用部位包括全株、地上部位、根、茎、鳞茎、叶、花、果和种子，其中叶是使用频率最高的部位。民间食用方式可分为野生粮食、蔬菜、水果、茶用、调料和零食6种类型。其中，蔬菜用野生植物最多，其次为茶用和调料用植物。当地民间对野生食用植物通常采取生食和熟食两种方法。采用腌制或干燥是当地民间对野生食用植物原料或加工品进行保存的主要方法。羊肉、牛肉、鲜奶和酸奶是当地蒙古族用野生植物烹饪各种食物和调制奶茶时的必用原料，具有地区和民族特色。

关键词: 锡林郭勒, 典型草原地区, 蒙古族, 野生食用植物, 传统知识

Abstract:

The local herdsmen were served as informants, methods of interviews and voucher specimen collection and identification have been used to conduct ethnobotanical field investigations on wild edible plants in the Xilingol typical steppe area, Inner Mongolia. The results show that 29 species and two varieties of wild plants used for food and drinks by the Mongolians in Xilingol typical steppe area. The edible parts of the plants are whole plant, aerial parts, roots, stems, bulbs, leaves, flowers, fruits or/and seeds respectively. Among them, the leaf is the most widely used part. Six categories of food uses based on the mode of folk edible use were established to classify wild food plants, including wild grain, vegetables, fruit, substitute for tea, seasoning, and snacks. Among them, vegetables were the largest group, followed by plants used as substitute for tea, and plants used for seasoning. Wild plants are usually eaten raw or cooked by the local people. Raw materials and prepared food from wild plants are preserved through the method of pickling and drying. A distinguishing feature of region and ethnic group is that mutton, beef, fresh milk and yoghourt are necessarily used in cooking dish and making milk tea from wild plants by local Mongolians.

Key words: Xilingol, Typical steppe area, The local Mongolians, Wild edible plants, Traditional knowledge

中图分类号:

Q 949.9

哈斯巴根1, 晔薷罕2, 赵晖1. 锡林郭勒典型草原地区蒙古族野生食用植物传统知识研究[J]. Plant Diversity, 2011, 33(2): 239-246.

HA Shi-Ba-Gen-, YE Ru-Han-, ZIAO Hui. Study on Traditional Knowledge of Wild Edible Plants Used by the Mongolians in Xilingol Typical Steppe Area*[J]. Plant Diversity, 2011, 33(2): 239-246.

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