赤霉素诱导小桐子产生两性花

doi:10.7677/ynzwyj201312063

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

小桐子（Jatropha curcas）种子含油率高，油脂组成适合于生产生物燃油，是制备航空生物燃油和生物柴油的理想原料。小桐子是一种雌雄同株植物，雌雄花着生于同一花序，其花序中雌花比例很低，可能是其种子产量低的主要原因之一。本文研究用不同浓度的赤霉素外源喷施处理小桐子花序芽对其花和种子发育的影响。结果表明：外源赤霉素处理能够诱导小桐子产生两性花，且处理浓度越高，两性花数量越多；随着两性花数量的增加，雌花数量相应越少，但雌花与两性花数量之和在各处理和对照之间差异不显著，这表明赤霉素诱导出的两性花可能来源于雌花。另外，高浓度(500~1500mg·L-1)的赤霉素处理会导致小桐子的种子不能正常发育, 表现为每个果实中的种子数量、大小、单粒种子重量、每个果序的种子重量以及种子的含油量都显著减少。这些结果有助于深入理解赤霉素在小桐子花器官形成及种子发育过程中所发挥的生理作用，为从分子水平上对小桐子进行遗传改良、提高其种子产量奠定基础。

关键词: 赤霉素, 小桐子, 性别决定, 两性花, 种子产量

Abstract:

Biofuel plant Jatropha curcas (physic nut) seeds contain about 30%-40% oil, which is a promising feedstock for producing aviation biofuel and biodiesel. Physic nut is a monoecious plant that produces both male and female flowers in the same inflorescence. The proportion of female flowers in physic nut inflorescences is very low, which is probably one of the most important reasons for its poor seed yield. This study was undertaken to determine the effects of gibberellic acid (GA3) on the flower and seed development of physic nut. The results showed that exogenous application of GA3 induced bisexual flowers and asexual flowers in physic nut inflorescences. With the increase in the number of induced bisexual flowers, the number of female flowers on the same inflorescence decreased, but the sum of female flowers and bisexual flowers did not varied significantly, suggesting that gibberellin induced bisexual flowers may be derived from the female flowers. In addition, the number of seeds in each fruit, seed size and weight, seed weight per infructescence and seed oil content were all significantly reduced in physic nut plants treated with high concentrations of GA3 (500-1500mg·L-1), which suggested that the development of seeds from GA3treated physic nut plants was abnormal. These results help us to understand the role of gibberellin in regulation of physic nut flower and seed development, and are valuable for the genetic improvement of physic nut seed yield by molecular breeding.

Key words: Gibberellic acid, Physic nut (Jatropha curcas), Sex expression, Hermaphrodite flower, Seed yield

中图分类号:

Q 945

皮雪静1、2, 潘帮珍1、2, 徐增富1. 赤霉素诱导小桐子产生两性花[J]. Plant Diversity, 2013, 35(1): 26-32.

PI Xue-Jing-, PAN Bang-Zhen-, XU Zeng-Fu. Induction of Bisexual Flowers by Gibberellin in Monoecious Biofuel Plant Jatropha curcas (Euphorbiaceae)[J]. Plant Diversity, 2013, 35(1): 26-32.

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