西藏东南部色季拉山兰科植物的区系特征和物种多样性

doi:10.7677/ynzwyj201313049

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

对我国西藏东南部色季拉山兰科植物的区系地理特征和物种多样性进行了研究。结果表明：1. 色季拉山有兰科植物35属67种，是西藏兰科植物分布最为丰富的地域之一；2. 色季拉山兰科植物生活型齐全，陆生、附生、腐生3种类型皆有，陆生兰最多，共21属42种，分别占总属数和总种数的60.00%和62.69%，附生兰有11属21种，腐生兰有4属4种；3. 就6个海拔带分析，色季拉山兰科植物的物种分布数量呈现随海拔升高逐渐减少的趋势，其中陆生兰从低到高分布于整个山体的各个海拔带，附生兰所有种均分布在中低海拔，4种腐生兰在该区内仅分布在2800~3730m比较狭窄的区域内；4. 兰科物种的分布区类型表明：色季拉山兰科植物区系成分比较复杂，热带成分和温带成分属相当，以热带成分稍多，而就种的类型看，热带分布类型相对较少，温带分布类型占较大优势，共有43种，占总种数的64.18%，反映了色季拉山兰科植物区系为热带与温带相交错，并向温带过渡的性质；其次，种的类型内东亚分布最多，共有30种，占总种数的44.78%，占温带分布的69.77%，其中中国-喜马拉雅分布变型20种，占东亚分布的66.67%，反映了色季拉山区兰科植物区系具有一定的高山植物区系的特色。中国特有分布12种，也证实了该区兰科植物区系具有特有现象发达的年轻性及其较强的衍化、特化性质。

关键词: 区系地理, 兰科, 色季拉山, 物种多样性

Abstract:

Floristic characteristics and species diversity of the Orchidaceae on Shergyla Mountain, southeast Xizang (Tibet), China, have been investigated. The results are as follows: (1) This mountain harbors one of the richest orchid floras in Xizang, including 35 genera and 67 species. Most of the species are vulnerable or endangered, and some even critically endangered, thus badly needing protection. (2) Species are diverse in their life form, being terrestrial (21 genera and 42 species, accounting for 60.00% of the total genera and 62.69% of the total species), epiphytic (11 genera and 21 species), or saprophytic (4 genera and 4 species). (3) The species number gradually decreases towards increasing elevations, with the terrestrial orchids occurring in all of the six altitudinal belts of the mountain, the epiphytic ones in lower and middle belts, and the saprophytic ones in a narrower belt from 2800 to 3730m. (4) The floristic components, at both generic and specific levels, are rather complicated. At the generic level, the tropical elements are slightly more than the temperate ones, while at the specific level, the temperate elements are predominant, including 43 species, which account for 64.18% of the total. This indicates that the orchid flora of Shergyla Mountain is of a mixed nature, i.e., being both tropical and temperate, and tends to be purely temperate. It is noteworthy that 30 orchid species on this mountain are of an eastern Asian distribution, respectively accounting for 44.78% of the total 67, and 69.77% of the temperate species, and that 20 species among them (accounting for 66.67%) are of a SinoHimalayan distribution, a reflection of the alpine nature of the orchid flora on Shergyla Mountain. The occurrence of 12 orchid species endemic to China on this mountain suggests a relatively young and derived nature of the orchid flora.

Key words: Floristic geography, Orchidaceae, Shergyla Mountain, Species diversity

中图分类号:

Q 948

林玲1, 汪书丽1、2, 土艳丽3, 罗建1、2. 西藏东南部色季拉山兰科植物的区系特征和物种多样性[J]. Plant Diversity, 2013, 35(3): 335-342.

LIN Ling-, HONG Shu-Li-, TU Yan-Li-, LUO Jian. Floristic Characteristics and Species Diversity of the Orchidaceae on Shergyla Mountain, Southeast Xizang, China[J]. Plant Diversity, 2013, 35(3): 335-342.

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