中国秋海棠属植物叶片斑纹多样性研究

doi:10.7677/ynzwyj201312118

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过对野生和引种栽培植物的观察，结合文献和标本的查阅，对中国秋海棠属植物斑叶类资源及叶斑多样性进行了研究。发现中国分布的203种（含变种和亚种）秋海棠属植物中有斑纹的种类达84种，叶斑色彩多表现为淡绿色、银绿色、银白色、白色。从园艺学角度出发，根据中国秋海棠属植物斑纹在叶片的分布位置，首次提出了中国秋海棠属植物叶斑分类标准，并对观察到的斑叶类秋海棠进行了分类，方便人们选择利用。根据斑纹与叶脉的关系分为叶脉相关类型（Ⅰ）和非叶脉相关类型（Ⅱ），前者细分为脉间斑纹类（ⅠA）、沿脉斑纹类（ⅠB）、中脉及脉间斑纹类（ⅠC）3种，后者细分为环状面斑类（ⅡA）、掌状面斑类（ⅡB）、近完全面斑类（ⅡC）、完全面斑类（ⅡD）、混合面斑类（ⅡE）和不规则面斑类（ⅡF）6种。中国产野生秋海棠属植物中较常见的叶斑类型为ⅠA1、ⅠA2、ⅠB1、ⅠB2和ⅡA。同时对叶斑的产生机理和遗传特性进行了讨论和展望。中国斑叶类秋海棠属植物种质资源及其叶斑类型的多样性极其丰富，有望通过研究摸清其遗传特性，实现特定观赏性状新品种的定向选育。

关键词: 秋海棠属, 叶斑, 叶斑多样性, 叶斑分类, 遗传特性

Abstract:

Variegated leaf is applied to the leaf which is partly or wholly colored in other than ordinary green as their ordinary feature. Investigations were conducted to understand the status of variegated Begonia species of China. Eighty four species among 203 taxa are found to be variegated. Colors of variegation are usually light green, silvery green, silvery white and white. From the perspective of horticulture, the variegated species of Chinese begonias were divided into different types according to the variegation features. Positions of variegated parts are the most important character used to divide the variegation types. Vein type and nonvein type are the two main types. The vein type(Ⅰ) was subdivided into three types: vein part type (ⅠA), intervein part type (ⅠB), middle vein and intervein part type (ⅠC). While the nonvein type (Ⅱ) was subdivided into six types, i.e. ringlike type (ⅡA), palmate type (ⅡB), subentire type (ⅡC), entire type (ⅡD), mixed type (ⅡE), and irregular type (ⅡF). The common variegation types among Chinese begonias are ⅠA1, ⅠA2, ⅠB1, ⅠB2 and ⅡA. Finally the mechanism and the hereditary property lies in variegation of Chinese begonias were discussed.

Key words: Begonia, Leaf variegation, Diversity of leaf variegation, Classification of leaf variegation, Hereditary property

中图分类号:

Q 944

崔卫华1、3, 管开云1、2. 中国秋海棠属植物叶片斑纹多样性研究[J]. Plant Diversity, 2013, 35(2): 119-127.

CUI Wei-Hua-, GUAN Kai-Yun. Diversity of Leaf Variegation in Chinese Begonias[J]. Plant Diversity, 2013, 35(2): 119-127.

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