民族植物学应重视“人类利用实践对植物资源影响”的研究

doi:10.7677/ynzwyj201312170

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

对民族民间利用植物资源的传统知识进行调查编目、探究相关传统知识形成的原因和影响因素一直是民族植物学研究的重点内容。作为“人与植物”之间关系中一个重要领域——人类利用实践对植物资源影响的研究却相对被忽略。重视这一研究领域，既可以为民族植物学方法及原理在植物资源保护与可持续利用实践提供理论依据，从而有助于推动民族植物学研究进入“应用阶段”，同时也拓展了民族植物学研究领域。其中，人类采集活动（尤其是越来越严重的商业性采集）对植物资源的影响应该受到民族植物学家的重点关注。

关键词: 民族植物学, 人类利用, 植物资源, 影响

Abstract:

To investigate and inventory traditional knowledge on plant resources and to study the factors which affect the acquisition of such knowledge, we need to focus on the relationship between human beings and plants, realizing that impacts of human utilization practices on plant resources have been relatively ignored by ethnobotanists. There are three major reasons for conducting research related to the impacts of human utilization on plant resources: (1) to provide a theoretical foundation for using ethnobotanical principles and methods in plant resource conservation and sustainable utilization; (2) to promote ethnobotanical research into the 'application' stage; and (3) to broaden the research area of ethnobotany. In this research, the influences of human harvesting activities (especially commercial collecting) on plant resources should be given much more attention by ethnobotanists.

Key words: Ethnobotany, Human utilization, Plant resource, Impact

中图分类号:

Q 948.12

淮虎银, 高红明. 民族植物学应重视“人类利用实践对植物资源影响”的研究[J]. Plant Diversity, 2013, 35(4): 431-437.

HUAI Hu-Yin, GAO Hong-Ming. Ethnobotany Should Pay Attention to the Study of Impacts of Human Utilization Practices on Plant Resources[J]. Plant Diversity, 2013, 35(4): 431-437.

参考文献

陈重明, 张宁, 王鸣等, 1998. 乌饭树(Vaccinium bracteatum Thumb.)的民族植物学［J］. 植物资源与环境学报, (1):45
温明章, 于振良, 闫章才等, 2003. 民族植物学——一个应予重视的学科［J］. 生命科学, 15 (1): 58—59
裴盛基, 1982. 西双版纳民族植物学的初步研究［A］. 热带植物研究论文报告集［C］. 昆明: 云南人民出版社
裴盛基, 1986. 民族植物学［J］. 科学, 37 (2): 23—30
裴盛基, 淮虎银, 2007. 民族植物学［M］. 上海: 上海科技出版社
裴盛基, 淮虎银, Hamilton A等, 2009. 植物资源保护［M］. 北京: 中国环境科学出版社
Anderson MK, Rowney DL, 1999. The edible plant Dicbelostemma capitatum: its vegetative reproduction response to different indigenous harvesting regimes in California［J］. Restoration Ecology, 7: 231—240
Bennett BC, 1992. Plants and people of the Amazonian rainforests—the role ethnobotany in sustainable development［J］. BioScience, 42 (8): 599—607
CastroArellano I, Presleya SJ, Saldanha LN et al., 2007. Effects of reduced impact logging on bat biodiversity in terra firme forest of lowland Amazonia［J］. Biological Conservation, 138: 269—285
Cotton CM, 1996. Ethnobotany: Principles and Applications［M］. Chichester, England
de Albuquerque UP, Hanazaki N, 2009. Five problems in current ethnobotanical researchand some suggestions for strengthening them［J］. Human Ecology, 37: 653—661
Ellison AM, Bank MS, Clinton BD et al., 2005. Loss of foundation species: consequences for the structure and dynamics of forested ecosystems［J］. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 3: 479—486
Eyre TJ, Butler DW, Kelly AL et al., 2010. Effects of forest management on structural features important for biodiversity in mixedage hardwood forests in Australia′s subtropics［J］. Forest Ecology and Management, 259: 534—546
Foley JA, Asner GP, Costa MH et al., 2007. Amazonia revealed: forest degradation and loss of ecosystem goods and services in the Amazon Basin［J］. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 5: 25—32
Ford RI, 1978. The nature and status of ethnobotany［C］. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
Ghimire SK, Gimenez O, Pradel R et al., 2008. Demographic variation and population viability in a threatened Himalayan medicinal and aromatic herb Nardostachys grandiflora: matrix modelling of harvesting effects in two contrasting habitats［J］. Journal of Applied Ecology, 45: 41—51
Ghimire SK, Mckey D, AumeeruddyThomas Y, 2005. Conservation of Himalayan medicinal plants: harvesting patterns and ecology of two threatened species, Nardostachys grandiflora DC. And Neopicrorhiza scrophulariiflora (Pennell) Hong［J］. Biological Conservation, 124: 463—475
Guariguata MR, GarcíaFernández C, Sheil D et al., 2010. Compatibility of timber and nontimber forest product management in natural tropical forests: Perspectives, challenges, and opportunities［J］. Forest Ecology and Management, 259: 237—245
Guariguata MR, Pinard MA, 1998. Ecological knowledge of regeneration from seed in neotropical forest trees: Implications for natural forest management［J］. Forest Ecology and Management, 112: 87—99
Hamilton A, Hamilton P, 2006. Plant Conservation: An Ecosystem Approach［M］. Earthscan, London
Harshberger JW, 1896. Purposes of ethnobotany［J］. Botanical Gawette, 21 (3): 146—154
Huai HY (淮虎银), Liu AZ (刘爱忠), 2013. Effects of selective harvesting on target plants and the related ecosystems［J］. Plant Diversity and Resources (植物分类与资源学报) (Accepted)
Huai HY, Pei SJ, 2004a. Plants used medicinally by folk healers of the Lahu people from the autonomous county of Jinping Miao, Yao, and Dai in Southwest China［J］. Economic Botany, 58 (Suppl.): S265—S273
Huai HY, Pei SJ, 2004b. Medicinal plant resources of the Lahu: a case study from Yunnan Province, China［J］. Human Ecology, 32 (3): 383—388
Jennings SB, Brown ND, Boshier DH et al., 2001. Ecology provides a pragmatic solution to the maintenance of genetic diversity in sustainably managed tropical rain forests［J］. Forest Ecology and Management, 154: 1—10
Joshi AR, Edingto JM, 1990. The use of medicinal plants by two village communities in the central development region of Nepal［J］. Economic Botany, 44: 71—83
Khasbagan, Huai HY, Pei SJ, 2000. Wild plants in the diet of Arhorchin Mongol herdsmen in Inner Mongolia［J］. Economic Botany, 54 (4): 528—536
Law W, Salick J, 2005. Humaninduced dwarfing of Himalayan snow lotus, Saussurea laniceps (Asteraceae) ［J］. PNAS, 102: 10218—10220
Lefèvre F, 2004. Human impacts on forest genetic resources in the temperate zone: an updated review［J］. Forest Ecology and Management, 197: 257—271
Long CL (龙春林), 2013. Modern Ethnobotany: An introduction［J］. Plant Diversity and Resources (植物分类与资源学报), 35 (4): 440—444
Long C, Wang Y, Zhao F et al., 2012. Ethnobotanical and phytochemical studies of medicinal plants of minority groups in southern china［J］. Planta Medica, 78 (11): 1292—1292
Long CL, Li R, 2004. Ethnobotanical studies on medicinal plants used by the Redheaded Yao People in Jinping, Yunnan Province, China［J］. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 90 (2-3): 389—395
Lowe AJ, Boshier D, Ward M et al., 2005. Genetic resource impacts of habitat loss and degradation; reconciling empirical evidence and predicted theory for neotropical trees［J］. Heredity, 95: 255—273
Luo YQ (骆业巧), Huai HY (淮虎银), 2010. Documentation of plant resources and traditional knowledge on brewage recorded in Qi Min Yao Shu［J］. Journal of Inner Mongolia Normal University (Natural Science Edition) (内蒙古师范大学学报自然科学版), 39 (2): 169—175
Martin G, 1995. Ethnobotany, A Methods Manual［M］. Chapman and Hall, London
Mooney EH, McGraw JB, 2009. Relationship between age, size, and reproduction in populations of American ginseng, Panax quinquefolius (Araliaceae), across a range of harvest pressures［J］. Ecoscience, 16: 84—94
Nolan JM, 1998. The roots of tradition: social ecology, cultural geography, and medicinal plant knowledge in the OzarkOuachita highlands［J］. Journal of Ethnobiology, 18 (2): 249—269
Pei SJ (裴盛基), 1988. Ethnobotany and the exploitation of plant resources［J］. Acta Botanica Yunnanica (云南植物研究), Suppl. 1: 135—144
Pei SJ (裴盛基), 2008. Review on two decades development of ethnobotany in China［J］. Acta Botanica Yunnanica (云南植物研究), 30 (4): 505—509
Ramirez CR, 2007. Ethnobotany and the loss of traditional knowledge in the 21st Century［J］. Ethnobotany Research & Applications, 5: 245—247
RendónCarmona H, MartínezYrízar A, Balvanera P et al., 2009. Selective cutting of woody species in a Mexican tropical dry forest: incompatibility between use and conservation［J］. Forest Ecology and Management, 257: 567—579
Schaberg PG, DeHayes DH, Hawley GJ et al., 2008. Anthropogenic alterations of genetic diversity within tree populations: Implications for forest ecosystem resilience［J］. Forest Ecology and Management, 256: 855—862
Ticktin T, 2004. The ecological implications of harvesting nontimber forest products［J］. Journal of Ecology, 41: 11—21
Walters BB, Ronnback P, Kovacs JM et al., 2008. Ethnobiology, socioeconomics and management of mangrove forests: A review［J］. Aquatic Botany, 89: 220—236
Wang YH (王雨华), Pei SJ (裴盛基), Xu JC (许建初), 2002. Sustainable management of medicinal plant resources in China: literature review and implications［J］. Resources Science (资源科学), 24 (4): 81—88
Wiley AS, 1997. A role for biology in the cultural ecology of Ladakh［J］. Human Ecology, 25 (2): 273—295
Yosi CK, Keenan RJ, Fox JC, 2011. Forest dynamics after selective timber harvesting in Papua New Guinea［J］. Forest Ecology and Management, 262: 895—905
Zhang DQ, Gao LM, Yang YP, 2010. Genetic diversity and structure of a traditional Chinese medicinal plant species, Fritillaria cirrhosa (Liliaceae) in southwest China and implications for its conservation［J］. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 38: 236—242

[1]	耿彦飞1、2, 杨雅1, 张宇1, 张玲玲1, 王雨华1. 食用植物民族植物学研究进展——基于Web of Science文献计量与知识图谱分析[J]. Plant Diversity, 2015, 37(4): 479-490.
[2]	王趁, 张玲玲, 王雨华. 油瓜的民族植物学研究[J]. Plant Diversity, 2015, 37(2): 209-213.
[3]	苏波1、2, 常艳芬1. 西双版纳石松类和蕨类植物资源及其开发利用[J]. Plant Diversity, 2015, 37(06): 856-860.
[4]	黄秀珍1, 邹秀红2. 福建泉州闽南饮食文化中野生药用植物的利用初探[J]. Plant Diversity, 2015, 37(06): 891-902.
[5]	刘德团1, 李婉莎2, 和玉龙3, 陈智发1, 黄华1, 高富1, 许琨1, 吴之坤1. 玉龙雪山种子植物资源评价[J]. Plant Diversity, 2015, 37(03): 318-326.
[6]	王静. 四川凉山彝族传统民俗中的植物及其文化意义[J]. Plant Diversity, 2014, 36(04): 537-544.
[7]	赵富伟, 姚瑶, 唐秀俊, 谢镇国, 杨胜国, 余永富, 武建勇, 周江菊, 张世玲, 李萍, 杨绍军, 雷启义, 薛达元. 贵州雷公山地区苗族的酒曲植物[J]. Plant Diversity, 2014, 36(02): 261-266.
[8]	裴盛基. 民族植物学与生物多样性的可持续利用[J]. Plant Diversity, 2013, 35(4): 401-406.
[9]	龙春林1、2. 现代民族植物学引论[J]. Plant Diversity, 2013, 35(4): 438-442.
[10]	黄玉绿1, 郭志永1, 刘宇婧1, 王业玲1, 罗斌圣1, 龙春林1、2. 广西靖西县壮族民间对植物的命名[J]. Plant Diversity, 2013, 35(4): 443-452.
[11]	王利1、2, 王雨华1. 大理地区传统药材集市的现状及特点[J]. Plant Diversity, 2013, 35(4): 453-460.
[12]	王静. 凉山州彝、汉混居区饮食文化中的野生植物利用初探[J]. Plant Diversity, 2013, 35(4): 461-471.
[13]	刘光华1、2、3, 佘朝文1、2、3, 蒋向辉1、2、3, 石诗博3, 曾婷婷3. 湖南通道侗族端午节中的民族植物学[J]. Plant Diversity, 2013, 35(4): 472-478.
[14]	张玲玲1、2, 张宇1, 王利1、2, 王雨华1. 滇西北纳西族传统食用植物的民族植物学研究——以丽江地区文海村为例[J]. Plant Diversity, 2013, 35(4): 479-486.
[15]	贺安娜1、2、3, 佘朝文2、3. 显脉旋覆花的民族植物学调查[J]. Plant Diversity, 2013, 35(4): 497-500.