Abstract: As a new method in evolutionary biology, Bayesian inference of phylogeny appears to have advantages over the other menthods in terms of dealing with complex models and large dataset, interpretation of the results, and computational efficiency. In this paper, we made a brief introduction to the significance of Bayesian inference in the molecular evolution and phylogenetic reconstruction, and its application in the molecular phylogeny of Liliales. The results indicate that the best model for DNA evolution of rbcL sequences in Liliales is GTR + I + G, and the topology of Bayesian tree is similar to those
of Maximum parsimonious tree and Neighbor Joining tree, but giving more resolution and higher support values. The Bayesian tree provides strong support (PP = 1.0) for the circumscription of families in Liliales, except for Smilacaceae . The interrelationships between families are also discussed.

Key words: Liliales