Forest characteristics and population structure of Glyptostrobus pensilis, a globally endangered relict species of southeastern China

doi:10.1016/j.pld.2019.06.007

Abstract

Abstract: The Chinese water pine Glyptostrobus pensilis is the sole surviving species of the genus Glyptostrobus. It is endemic to southern China, central Vietnam, and eastern Laos, and today it is nearly extinct in the wild. Forest community characteristics and population structure of G. pensilis in China have remained unknown up to now. We investigated six swamp forest stands and analyzed their forest community characteristics (i.e. vertical stratification, species composition, and diversity) and population structure, including the frequency distribution of DBH (diameter at breast height) and age-classes as found in Fujian Province, southeastern China.
The vertical stratifications of all the forest stands were rather simple. The remaining wild specimens ranged from roughly 15 to some 357 years for an average of ca. 85 years, with only a few individuals less than 20 years old. Compared with the stands and populations of G. pensilis in Vietnam, the taxonomic compositions of the stands in the two regions were different, except for the dominant species-G. pensilis. The ShannoneWiener index showed the overstory of each stand had much lower diversity (0.26 on average) in Fujian Province than that (1.97 on average) in Vietnam, whereas the diversity indices were about the same (around 2.41) for the understories in the two regions. Furthermore, we discovered 18 G. pensilis seedlings at the study sites in Fujian Province. This discovery demonstrates that G. pensilis regeneration is extremely poor and its populations are declining, although these populations are relatively healthier than those in Vietnam.

Key words: Age-class, Fujian Province, Glyptostrobus, Regeneration, Relict plant, Vietnam

Cindy Q. Tang, Yongchuan Yang, Arata Momohara, Huan-Chong Wang, Hong Truong Luu, Shuaifeng Li, Kun Song, Shenhua Qian, Ben LePage, Yi-Fei Dong, Peng-Bin Han, Masahiko Ohsawa, Buu Thach Le, Huu Dang Tran, Minh Tri Dang, Ming-Chun Peng, Chong-Yun Wang. Forest characteristics and population structure of Glyptostrobus pensilis, a globally endangered relict species of southeastern China[J]. Plant Diversity, 2019, 41(04): 237-249.

Figures/Tables 7

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种名 Species	幼苗数量 No. of seedlings	幼苗密度 Seedling density (mean ± SE, n = 224)	幼苗密度的变异系数 CV of seedling density (%)	相对多度 Relative abundance	相对频度 Relative frequency	重要值 Important value
色木槭 Acer mono	509	2.272 ± 0.176	116.11	29.56	23.59	53.15
水曲柳 Fraxinus mandshurica	381	1.701 ± 0.177	156.05	22.13	18.84	40.97
东北槭 Acer mandshuricum	262	1.170 ± 0.103	131.25	15.21	18.40	33.61
紫椴 Tilia amurensis	299	1.335 ± 0.195	218.78	17.36	12.46	29.83
糠椴 Tilia mandshurica	65	0.290 ± 0.048	248.70	3.77	5.79	9.56
千金榆 Carpinus cordata	49	0.219 ± 0.035	241.59	2.85	5.64	8.48
青楷槭 Acer tegmentosum	44	0.196 ± 0.036	271.36	2.56	5.19	7.75
杉松 Abies holophylla	46	0.205 ± 0.064	464.10	2.67	3.12	5.79
春榆 Ulmus davidiana var. japonica	25	0.112 ± 0.030	407.87	1.45	2.37	3.83
红松 Pinus koraiensis	17	0.076 ± 0.024	480.95	0.99	1.63	2.62
髭脉槭 Acer barbinerve	12	0.054 ± 0.019	520.78	0.70	1.34	2.03
裂叶榆 Ulmus laciniata	6	0.027 ± 0.015	860.22	0.35	0.59	0.94
拧筋槭 Acer triflorum	4	0.018 ± 0.009	743.28	0.23	0.59	0.83
胡桃楸 Juglans mandshurica	1	0.004 ± 0.004	1 496.67	0.06	0.15	0.21
黄檗 Phellodendron amurense	1	0.004 ± 0.004	1 496.67	0.06	0.15	0.21
蒙古栎 Quercus mongolica	1	0.004 ± 0.004	1 496.67	0.06	0.15	0.21
合计 Total	1 722	_	_	100.00	100.00	200.00

种名 Species	幼苗数量 No. of seedlings	幼苗密度 Seedling density (mean ± SE, n = 224)	幼苗密度的变异系数 CV of seedling density (%)	相对多度 Relative abundance	相对频度 Relative frequency	重要值 Important value
色木槭 Acer mono	509	2.272 ± 0.176	116.11	29.56	23.59	53.15
水曲柳 Fraxinus mandshurica	381	1.701 ± 0.177	156.05	22.13	18.84	40.97
东北槭 Acer mandshuricum	262	1.170 ± 0.103	131.25	15.21	18.40	33.61
紫椴 Tilia amurensis	299	1.335 ± 0.195	218.78	17.36	12.46	29.83
糠椴 Tilia mandshurica	65	0.290 ± 0.048	248.70	3.77	5.79	9.56
千金榆 Carpinus cordata	49	0.219 ± 0.035	241.59	2.85	5.64	8.48
青楷槭 Acer tegmentosum	44	0.196 ± 0.036	271.36	2.56	5.19	7.75
杉松 Abies holophylla	46	0.205 ± 0.064	464.10	2.67	3.12	5.79
春榆 Ulmus davidiana var. japonica	25	0.112 ± 0.030	407.87	1.45	2.37	3.83
红松 Pinus koraiensis	17	0.076 ± 0.024	480.95	0.99	1.63	2.62
髭脉槭 Acer barbinerve	12	0.054 ± 0.019	520.78	0.70	1.34	2.03
裂叶榆 Ulmus laciniata	6	0.027 ± 0.015	860.22	0.35	0.59	0.94
拧筋槭 Acer triflorum	4	0.018 ± 0.009	743.28	0.23	0.59	0.83
胡桃楸 Juglans mandshurica	1	0.004 ± 0.004	1 496.67	0.06	0.15	0.21
黄檗 Phellodendron amurense	1	0.004 ± 0.004	1 496.67	0.06	0.15	0.21
蒙古栎 Quercus mongolica	1	0.004 ± 0.004	1 496.67	0.06	0.15	0.21
合计 Total	1 722	_	_	100.00	100.00	200.00

	6月 June		7月 July					8月 August
	幼苗数量 No. of seedlings		新增数 No. of recruitment	死亡数 No. of death	死亡率 Mortality rate (%)	增补率 Recruitment rate (%)		新增数 No. of recruitment	死亡数 No. of death	死亡率 Mortality rate (%)	增补率 Recruitment rate (%)
	幼苗数量 No. of seedlings	当年生幼苗 Newly-born seedlings	新增数 No. of recruitment	死亡数 No. of death	死亡率 Mortality rate (%)	增补率 Recruitment rate (%)	1 231	新增数 No. of recruitment	死亡数 No. of death	死亡率 Mortality rate (%)	增补率 Recruitment rate (%)	89	476	48.9	11.1	19	208	28.3	2.9
多年生幼苗 Perennial seedlings	491		92	26	5.4	18.1		43	41	7.6	8.0
合计 Total	1 722		181	502	34.5	13.8		62	249	19.6	5.2

	6月 June		7月 July					8月 August
	幼苗数量 No. of seedlings		新增数 No. of recruitment	死亡数 No. of death	死亡率 Mortality rate (%)	增补率 Recruitment rate (%)		新增数 No. of recruitment	死亡数 No. of death	死亡率 Mortality rate (%)	增补率 Recruitment rate (%)
	幼苗数量 No. of seedlings	当年生幼苗 Newly-born seedlings	新增数 No. of recruitment	死亡数 No. of death	死亡率 Mortality rate (%)	增补率 Recruitment rate (%)	1 231	新增数 No. of recruitment	死亡数 No. of death	死亡率 Mortality rate (%)	增补率 Recruitment rate (%)	89	476	48.9	11.1	19	208	28.3	2.9
多年生幼苗 Perennial seedlings	491		92	26	5.4	18.1		43	41	7.6	8.0
合计 Total	1 722		181	502	34.5	13.8		62	249	19.6	5.2

物种名 Species	新生幼苗数量 No. of newly-born seedlings					新生幼苗出现样方数 No. of quadrats presented with newly-born seedlings				新生幼苗死亡数 No. of death with newly-born seedlings		新生幼苗死亡率 Mortality rate of newly-born seedlings (%)		新生幼苗更新率 Recruitment rate of newly-born seedlings (%)
	6-8月 June- August	6月 June	7月 July	8月 August		6-8月 June- August	6月 June	7月 July	8月 August	7月 July	8月 August	7月 July	8月 August	7月 July	8月 August
	6-8月 June- August	6月 June	7月 July	8月 August	色木槭 Acer mono	6-8月 June- August	6月 June	7月 July	8月 August	7月 July	8月 August	7月 July	8月 August	7月 July	8月 August	493	453	30	10	154	148	28	10	131	49	34.1	15.0	8.9	3.2
紫椴 Tilia amurensis	301	291	10	_		87	84	6	_	201	59	117.4	89.2	10.5	0
东北槭 Acer mandshuricum	271	238	28	5		118	113	24	5	55	51	26.3	27.7	14.2	3.1
水曲柳 Fraxinus mandshurica	80	74	6	_		55	53	6	_	6	10	8.5	14.5	8.5	0
糠椴 Tilia mandshurica	65	63	1	1		39	38	1	1	38	15	92.4	86.0	3.9	8.7
千金榆 Carpinus cordata	49	45	4	_		36	35	3	_	20	12	58.8	53.4	14.8	0
青楷槭 Acer tegmentosum	42	41	1	_		33	32	1	_	14	7	41.8	28.8	3.6	0
红松 Pinus koraiensis	16	12	3	1		9	8	1	1	7	0	87.5	0	47.0	11.8
春榆 Ulmus davidiana var. japonica	11	8	2	1		9	8	2	1	3	2	47.0	33.6	33.6	18.2
髭脉槭 Acer barbinerve	6	4	1	1		6	4	1	1	1	0	28.8	0	28.8	22.3
胡桃楸 Juglans mandshurica	2	_	2	_		2	_	2	_	0	1	_	69.3	_	0
拧筋槭 Acer triflorum	2	2	_	_		2	2	_	_	0	2	0	_	0	_
杉松 Abies holophylla	1	_	1	_		1	_	1	_	0	0	_	0	_	0
合计 Total	1 339	1 231	89	19						476	208	48.9	28.3	11.1	2.9