A typo differt indusio,7-11.5 cm longo,5-12 cm diam.Stipite，14－27 cm longo．Volva caesio-purpura.Sporis oblongis-ellipsoideis,2-3×3.5－4.5μm.

The study of Dracontomelon macrocarpum community in Xishuangbanna is based on phytocoenology.Dracontomelon macrocarpum(Anacardiaceae) and Pometea tomentosa(Sapindaceae)are the upper dominant species of the community.The community are divided into A,B,C and D layer.The community is mainly charactered by evergreen megaphaenerophytes and mesophaenerophyteswith simple,characeous,entire,caudal mesophylls.There are many woody lianas and epiphytes in the layers.The biological diversity in the community is rich.It is the north extension of the tropical seasonal rain forest of Laos.The individual number of trees is few.The dynamic structure is stable is stable,the distribution area is limited,its ecosystem so fragil that cries out for urgent protection.

From the fresh root of Salvia sonchifolia C.Y.Wu,nine polyphenolic compounds,protocatechualdehye,protocatechuic acid,caffeic acid,R-(+)-β-D-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-lactic acid,3,4-dihyroxyphenyl ethanol ketone,rosmarinic acid ,methyl rosmarinate,lithospermic acid and lithospermic acid B are isolated.Their structures were identified by spectral method. The result shows that Salvia sonchifolia coutains the phenolic constituents which are similar to that of medical Salvia.

Eight compounds and a mixture with two alkaloids have been isolated from the aerial parts of Ervatamia yunnanensis Tsiang.Their chemical structures and the composition of the mixture have been established as 19S-hydroxy-tacamine (1),19S-hydroxy-16-epi-tacamine(2),17-demethoxy-corynoxine B(3),17 -demethoxy-hydrocorynoxine B(4),ervatamine(5) and tabernaemontanine (6),neoandrographalide (7),β-sitosterol (8) and the mixture with 19,20-dehydroervatamine and 20-epi-ervatamine by means of spectral evidence.Compound(2) is a new one,while compounds(4) and (7) are reported for the first time from the family Apocynaceae.

From the seeds of Annona squamosa L.,three compounds were obtained,in which compounds i and 2 are known compounds,i.e. bullatacin and annonin I,respectively.Compounds 3 is a new non -adjacent bis -tetrahydrofuranyl annonaceous acetogenin,named squamostatin C.Based on the analysis of IR MS,1H NMR and 13 C NMR spectra,the structure of compound 3 was elucidated as (3).

Eight compounds,contigoside A(1),contigoside B(2),onychin (3),trans-cinnamic acid(4),wallichoside (5),β-sitosterol (6),daucosterol (7),and sucorse (8) were isolated from the methanolic extract of the aerial parts of Onychium contiggum.Compound 1 and 2 were new ones. Trans -cinnamic acid (4) was isolated from Onychium for the first time. Their structures were assigned by a combination of one and two dimensional NMR techniques.

From the stem of Marsdenia tenacissima(Roxb)Wight et Arn.,four new steroidal glycosides desgnated tenacissoside F(3),G(4),H(5) and I(6)possessing the same sugar chain:6-deoxy-3-O-methyl-β-D-allopyanosyl-(1→4)-β-D-oleandropyranosose,along with two known tenacissoside A(1),and B(2),were isolated and characterized by means of spectroscopic and chemical evidence.Furthermore ,diester groups at C-11 and C-12 of aglycone of these glycosides had been assigned by COLOC and 2D NMR techniques.

A new dopamine derivative named lyciumide A was isolated from the fruits of Lycium barbarum which is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine.Its structure was elucidated as 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-N-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)]ethyl 2Z-propenamide by spectral methods.Scopolin was also obtained.

Four new oleanane triterpenoidal saponins,arillatanoside A-D,together with a known saponin polygalasaponin XXXV were isolated from the stem bark of Polygala arillata.The structures of new saponins were established to be 28-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→4)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)0β-D-fucopyranosyl presenegenin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside.

This paper reports six alkaloids,colchicine(Ⅰ),2-demethylcochicine(Ⅱ),2-demethyldemecolcine(Ⅲ),2-demethylcoclchifoline(Ⅳ),2-demethyl-β-lumicolchicine(Ⅴ),and β-lumicolchicine(Ⅵ) isolated from the flowers of Colchicum autumnale which was introduced from Europe to Zhaotong ,Yunnan,China.

Calli of anther of Lycium barbarum were induced on 4 MS media with different hormone contents.The induction rate is 1.7%-16.9%.The calli became small particls with good dispersion ability affter 2-3 successive transfers of culture on the medium MS+2,4-D 0.5mg/L. When these particles were cultured on liquid medium,a lot of single cells were obtained after 24 hours.After several times of successive transfers of culture,a stable cell suspending culture line was established. After 8-10 days,a lot of medium(MS +6BA 0.2mg/L) and green buds appeared. After 20 days of culturing the buds on rooting medium,complete plantlets were obtained. The chromosome numbers from root-tip somatic cells of regeneration plant are twele.It shows that the regeneration plant is haploid.

The morphology an ddevelopment of female flowers of four species in Hippophae were studied.The result shows that four species are similar,and the differneces among them are only in some quantitative characters.It indicates that properties of the species do not obviously appear as yet at the tissue level during the development of female flowers morphology and embryo sac.But the development rhythm or process in four species is differnet.A new asynchronous meiosis of dyad was discovered in hippopae tibetana Schlecht.The archesporial of H.rhamonides have a long time staying.The development of its stigma and pollen is synchronous but the maturity of the embryo sac which requires warmer condition or certain simulants.It is not reasonable to judge the maturing embryo sac of allicable in H.rhamonides according to the state of stigma opening and its secretion.

The east southeast of Tibetan Plateau is the distribution center of Rheum palmatum.The species is found in scrubsand grassland from 2500 to 4400 meters above sea level and suitable to develop its populations in fertile and good -textured soils.For Rheum palmatum,P content in soil is largely lower than that in both leaves and rhizomes,and Fe content is soil>rhizomes>leaves.Amang them ,there is no significant difference between rhizomes and leaves but Fe content in soil is 50-110times higher than that of rhizomes and leaves.Contents of Na,Mn and Cu are soil>leaves>rhizomes,and Ca content is soil

Cuticles of Christensenia asculifolia,Marattia pellucida,Angiopteris caudatiformis and Archangiopteris henryi of Marattiales were examined by using light and scanning electron microscopes.The studies show common features among them such as the stomata which is found in the lower epidermis,the wavy anticlinal walls of the epidermmal cells and the cyclocytic stomatal type.The cyclocytic stomata is emphasized as a distinct characteristic in all genera of Marattiales,and considered as an important character of classification and systimatics in the order level.The characteristics of epidermis of Christensenia such as the large size of the stomata,the large and strongle curved guard cells especially the polycyclic cyclocytic stomata support the suggestion of eastablishing a family christenseniaceae instead of the genus christensenia.

The leaf epidermis and the epidermal hair of 46 species and 3 varieties of Begonia L.from Yunnan have studied by SEM for the first time.Their characters are classified and terminologized.The epidermal cell morpha can be divided into six types(multiangle,irregular oblate,sheroid,papillate,and conical).The cuticle layer of epidermal cell can be divided into six types(smooth,tuberulate,reticulate,striped,cornet,and spiral).The morpha of trichome cell can be divided into four types(spuare,multiangle,oblong,and elliptic).The cuticle layer of trichome cell can be divided into four types(smooth,tuberculate,piliferous,and cornute).The epidermal hair can be divided into three categories,and six types(uniserial:lanes and pubes,complex hair,multiseriate:tubercular-based seta,conical seta and rough hair).The result shows that combination of various characteristics for epidermal cell and its hairvaries from species to species.Therefore,they can be used as taxonomic evidence in the classification of species and varieties.However,without identical characteristics in each section,they are not significant in distinguishing sections.Nevertheless,in Sect.Begonia,the diversity of epidermal cell and its hair my indicate that it has some relationships with some other sections,Through the analysis of the relationships between hair occurrence and plant living environments,it is proposed that Sect. Coelococtron may be more primitive than the others and possible evolutionary relationship of various sections from Yunnan is inquired.

Phellodendron amurense Rupr. is a dioecious tree with abortive carpels in the stuminate flower and abortive stamens in the pistillate flower.The anther wall conforms to the basic type.The tapetum,of which each cell contains 2 or more nuclei in the later stages,is the glandular type.The cytokinesis of the microspore mother cells in meiosis is the simultaneous type.The microspores are arranged in tetrahedral tetrad.The mature pollen grains are of the 2-celled and 3-celled types.The ovary is 5-locular.The placentation is axile.The ovule is biteguminous,crassinucellate and anatropous.The female archesporium is multicellular.The megaspore tetrad is linear arrangement of occassionally T-shaped.

This paper analysed the species richness,species diversity index and community evenness in different plots and layers of Castanopsis eyrei community in the Tiantai Mountain of Zhejiang Province. The species richness and species diversity index of woody plants two communities. In terms of community vertical structure,the species richness and species diversity index of the second sublayer of tree layer are gibber than those of the first sublayer between community evenness of these two communities.The speices richness and diversity index of shrub layer are the biggest,while those of tree layer and herb layer are the second and the smallest respectively.The community evenness of sharub layer is obviously bigger than that of tree layer while it is not very different from those between herb layer and tree layer and shrub layer.The diversity indexes of tree layer,shrub layer or herb layer among various plots are somewhat different.Relatively,the differences of shrub layer or tree layer are small while differences of the herb layer are commparatively big.

The pollen morphology of Spiraeoideae(Rosaceae) includeing the genera,Sibiraea,Aruncus,Sorbaria,Physocarpus,Neillia and Stephanandra in CHina was reported in this paper.All the pollen grains are tricolporate,the shapes are subspheroidal.The pollen grains are small,the smallest one was observed in Spiraea purpurea with the size of 14.87(12.75-16.58)um×15.17(12.75-17.4)um,while the biggest on was observed in Physocarpus amurensis with the size of 27.97(19.89-38.25)um×30.91(26.77-33.66)um.Amb is 3-lobed circular in common but syncolpolate was observed in Physocarpus amurensis.The colpi are usually long but narrowed in two ends.The ora form rectangle.Sculptural types of the subfamily Spiraeoideae include foveolate,striate-foveolate,striate-reticulate,and striate.All the sculptural types in Rosaceae were observed except spinulate type.The foveolate may be the most primitive pollen sculpture in Rosaceae,while the types of striate and striate-reticulate are more advanced.The pollen sculpture is either striate-reticulate or striate in the genus Spiraea without foveolate,which shows that the degree of differentiation is rather high in Spiraea.The pollen morphology supports the arrangement of tribes and genera in subfamily Spiraeoideae given by A. Takhtajan in 1997.

The Guatteria-group consists of four neotropical genera,Guatteria,Guatteriopsis,Guatteriella,and Heteropetalum.Its systematic position within Annonaceae,interpreted by different authors based on various sources of evidence,is quite questionable.In this paper phylogenetic and phenetic analyses were carried out by using 44 phylogenetically informative characters from morphology,leaf and wood anatomy,as well as palynology of 38 annonacaeous genera with Magnoliaceae as outgroup.The phylogenetic analysis indicates that the phylogeny of selected genera in Annonaceae is weakly supported with branching paterns determined by few,mostly homoplasios,characters.

Twelve species in the genus Nitraria around the world are verified and revised through literatural studies. The phylogeny in the genus is touched based on the structure of pericarp and its evolutionary trend,pollen morphology,and distribution pattern of different species. A classification system of the genus is proposed. The key to sections and species in the genus is achieved .The distribution maps both in China and the world are provided in the present paper according to gegraphic distribution of the genus.