From the roots of Euphorbia prolifera Buch-Hom,collected in Yunnan,China,a new myrisinol-type diterpenoid and a new ergostanol-type triterpenoid were isolated,and their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral and chemical methods.Their structures are I:3-acetate-5,8-dibenzoate-14-propionate a groudalkhol of myrsinoltype and II:24-methyl-5,25-cholestatrien-3β-o1.

By means of silica gel and reversed phase silica gel CC, medium pressure CC, as well as preparative TLC, four phenylpropanoid glycosides were isolated from C. japonicum. According to spectral data and chemical methods, they were determined as martinoside (1), monoacetyl martinoside (2), acteoside (3) and clerodenoside A (4).

Two new phenylpropanoid glycosides, hemiphrosides A and B, were isolated from the whole plant of Hemiphragma heterophyllum togther with two known phenylpropanoid glycoside, plantamajoside and plantsinoside D and three known iridoid glycosides, globularicisin, globularin and iso-scrophularioside. The structures of hemiphrosides A and B were established by spectral and chemical analyses as 2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl) ethyl 0-β-D-glu-copyranosyl(1→3)-4-O-E-feruloyl-β-D-glucopyranoside and 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) ethyl 0-[6-0-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl(l-- 3)]-4-0-E-caffeoyl-j8-D-glucopyrano-side, res-pectively.

Six compounds: morusin (1), mulberrofuran D (2), kuwanon H (3), mulberrofuran K(4), kuwanon G (5), mulberrofuran G (6) were isolated from root bark of Morus alba and their derivatives were prepared. Anti-HIV activity of these fourteen compounds were tested. Morusin, morusin 4''-glucoside and kuwanon H show positive activity.

303 strains of fungi were isolated from the stems of Dracaena cochinchinensis collected from Xishuang banna of Yunnan. The isolated frequency of Fusarium is 52 of total isolation frequency. Secondly, the isolation frequency of Aureobasidium, Cladosporium, Penicillium, Rhizoctonia, Sporotrichum are respectively 5.9, 4.0, 4.0, 3.6 and 3.3. The branches of Dracaena cochinchinensis were inoculated in vivo by some fungi indicated four strains of red Fusarium, F. graminum var. dracaena and so on, play important effect on forming of blood resin in Dracaena cochinchinensis through the effect of yielding blood resin of fungi on Dracaea cochinchinensis. The yield of forming dragon blood resin was increased about 66-120 by them.

The suspension cells of Panax ginseng which had been filtrated, were treated with mutagenic compound, N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine at 2 mmol / L, for 1 hour. Cell viability was remarkablely decreased and the formation of cell clone was only 10.12 of control. Cells treated were plated on a nutrient agar medium. More than 150 clone lines were obtained af-ter plating culture of 60 days, of which many clone lines grew slow or stopped growing and died during transplantation culture.

The species ivnestigated are Pyrenaria garrettiana Craib, Tutcheria champion! Nakai, T. hirta (H. -M.) Li and T. pingpienensis H. T. Chang. Apart from the number of ovules in each locule, the mega-microsporogenesis and mega-microgatogenesis in all four species are high simi-lar. Embrylogical features shared by these species include: anther tetrasporangiate; anther wall formation of the Basic type; endothecium fibrous; middle layers ephemeral; tapetum glandular; cytokinesis in the microspore mother cell simultaneous; mature pollen grains two-celled; ovules anatropous, bitegmic and tenuinucellate; archesporium one-celled and functioning directly as the megaspore mother cell; embryo sac formation of the Polygonum type; egg cell differentiating dis-tinctly from synergids; integument tapetum and hypostase formed. Of these features, the embryo sac formation of the Polygnoum type forms a main difference from the related genus Camellia whose embryo sac formation conforms to the Allium type.

Pollen analysis of 21 surface samples collected from the Zabuye Salt Lake area and Southern Xizang Plateau provided information about the quanlitative relations between pollen content and vegetation, and pollen with subenvironment. In Zabbuye Salt Lake area, a. Samples from spring and swamp were dominated by pollen of Cyperaceae, b. Pollen percentage of Chenopodiaceae and Ephedra were high in salt pen. c. On hillslope were distributed by Caragana versicales shrub, the surface samples were dominated by pollen of Artemisia and Chenopodiaceae. d. Samples from river and sandflat were mainly composed of Artemisia and Gramineae. e. In Zabuye perennial saline lake were dominated by pollen of Artemisia. The tree pollen of Pinus, Picea, Abies, Tsuga, Betula and Ainus were common in surface sample, and pollen percentage of Pinus were highest (26.5 in average). As compared with 8 surface sample pollen analysis of Southern Xizang Plateau, vegetational variations between the steppe and forest are evident in the modern pollen rain. The atmospheric circulation is the main factor affecting the distribution of Pinus in Xizang Plateau.

In our previous paper[1]we have reported two new cyclopeptides，heterophyllins A and B，obtained from the roots of Pseudostellaria heterophylla(Miq.)．Pax ex Pax et Hoffm..Recently another new cyclopeptide，named heterophyllin C，has been isolated from the plant．On the basis of spectral and chemi-cal methods the structure was elucidated as cyclo-(leucyl)-glycyl-prolyl-soleucyl-isoleucyl－prolyl－isoleucyl)．

In 1989-1991, the material of Prunus mume (Xiyeqing cv.) for the embryological study was collected in Nanjing area. The peak of the differentiation period ofcarpellary primodium was on the first decade of Oct. During the last decade of Dec., the ovules primodia formed. In the fol-lowing year, starting from the last decade of Feb. to the early March, the embryo sac drifted to-wards maturation. The development of embryo sac conforms to Polygonum type. Two semianatropous ovules were contained in the ovary, but usually only one could develop into a seed. The ovule is crassinucellar with nucellar cap, and an obturator arises near its micropyle. Af-ter 2-3 days of pollination, pollen tubes passed through transmitting tissue and entered into the ovary. About 5 days after pollination, most of the embryo sacs were already double fertilized, the free nuclei of endosperm appeared 8 days after pollination, and the proembryo differentiation init-iated about thirteen after pollination. The process of embryo development belongs to Asterad type.

8 species of yellow Camellia were cytotaxonomically studied in this work, 7 of which be-long to Sect. Archecamellia. Some of karyotypes are reported for the first time. The results are show asfollows:C.euphlebia2n=2x== 30=21 m+9sm;C.pingguoensis 2n=2x=30=23m(lsat)+7sm;C.pingguoenis var.terminalis 2n = 2x = 30 = 24m+6sm; C. fiavida 2n =:: 2x = 30 = 23m+7sm;C.parvipetala2n=2x=30=21m(lsat)+9sm;C.tonkinensis 2n=2x=30=26m+3sm+lst; C.huana 2n = 2x = 30 = 22m+8sm;C.fascicularis 2n=2x=30=18m+12sm(lsat); C. pubipetala 2n=2x=30= 18m(2sat)+10sm(lsat)+2st. All cytological data of Sect. Archecamellia were collected. Three characters of the karyotypes of Sect.

The aleurone layer of Coix lacryma-jobi seed consists of one cell in thickness. The radial walls have plasmodesmata. Nuclei are present. The organelles are not found in the materials soaked in refrigerator but numerous ribosomes and some mitochondria with indistinct cristae ap-pear in the material soaked at room temperature (16-18f). Aleurone cells contain a large num-ber of aleurone grains and lipid bodies. The aleurone grains are composed of protein and insoluble polysaccharide, stain dark green with TBO pH4.4 and within the matrix usually have a spherical body which stains with Sudan black B but not with ABB, PAS and TBO. The lipid bodies are variablly sized and randomly distribute.

In the genus Cedrus Trew there are currently 4 species- C. deodara, C. atlantica, C. libani and C. brevifolia,, which disjunctly distribute in the north-western Himalayas (India and eastern Afghanistan), in the north-western Africa (eastern Morocco to Algeria) and in the western Asia (Lebanon, Syria, southern Turkey, the Island of Cyprus). The present paper deals with the karyotype analysis of Cedrus deodara. The karyotype formula of the species is K(2n)=24= 18m+6sm, which is the same as that of Hizume's (1988) and different from that of Mehra & Khoshoo's (1965). The karyotypes of three represent species of Cedrus are compared and there may be a trend from primitive to advanced as C. deodara -^ C. atlantica -* C. libani. Accord-ing to the comparison among the karyotypes of pinaceous genera, the author considers that it is desirable to separate Cedrus from Laricoideae and put it into Abietoideae. Based on the data of cytology, fossil, geographical distribution, palaeogeography and palaeoclimate, etc., the present paper discussed the origin, the migration and the evolution of Cedrus.

The contiguous grid quadrats were applied to sampling for field data, V / m ratio t-test, negative binomial distribution, David and Moores7 index, index of mean crowding and index of patchiness, index of dispersion and intensity of pattern have been used to analyse the zonation pat-tern and stratification pattern of Shorea chinensis population, which is one of the main dominant and rare species of tropical seasonal rain forest, in Bubeng region situated in the south of Yunnan province (about N 21 ° 25'-21 ° 28 ', E 101 ° 34 '-101 ° 52 '). The results indicate the zonation pattern of the population is of the contagious distribution, and the degree of congrega-tion, the scale of pattern patch and the intensity of pattern are^small-big-smalP model with the increase of the population age. The stritification pattern of the population is of the contagious ditribution-random-uniform distribution from sapling to adult tree. The contagious indexes in re-lation to density are linear reduction with the increase of the population age, but the contagious indexes in irrelation to density are ^small-big-smalr^model and the changes are less.

Spedes similis A．stenolobae Franch，sed scapis simplicibus 1-3，bracteis quam floribus longioribus,stigmatibus dilatatis differt;ab A.glandulifera Bur.et Franch.foliis 4-8 mm latis，scapis 30-70 cm longis，perianthiis 8—10 mm longis，usque ad partes infernas 6—partitis，segmentis fasciario-lanceolatis,5-7 mm longis differt.

While examining herbarium material kept in the Mycological Herbarium, National Sci-ence Museum, Tokyo, Japan (TNS) and recent field collection. One new taxon Secotium himalaicum Zang et Doi was collected from elliptical, subfusiform, thick-walled, hyaline basidiospores (14.3-19.5 x 6-7.5 um) and lamellar gleba, the gleba is cellular, but as maturity is approached the elongate cavities and assumes the gill appearance. It is close to Secotium agaricoides. (Czerniaiev) Hollos, but differs in the much larger size of the basidiospores, the latter about the size of spores is smaller, only 5-9 um diameter.

Species L.erythrocarpae Makino affinis,a qua differt ramulis gracilibus et laevibus,carmino-brunneis vel fusco-brunneis;foliis subtus praeter axillas barbatas nervorum glabris;floribus 8-12 in umbella, tepalis dorso glabris , ventre albo-pubescentibus in *et * floribus; fructibus 5-6mm in diam. sub maturitate inordinate bifidis , stipitibus tenuibus linearbus c.0.5mm in diam. subapice leviter incrassatis. Optime distinguitur a L.henanensi Tsui, cujus folia elliptica vel elliptico-ovata, basi subrotundata, et umbella * 4-florifera sunt. 

Species similis A.stenolobae Franch., sed scapis simplicibus 1-3, bracteis quam floribus longioribus, stigmatibus dilatatis differt; ab A.glandulifera Bur.et Franch. foliis 4-8 mm latis, scapis 30-70 cm longis, perianthiss 8-10 mm longis, segmentis fasciario-lanceolatis, 5-7 mm longis differt.

The genus Ephedra in China includes 15 species, 2 varieties and 1 form belong to Sect. Alatae and Subsect. Ephedra of Sect. Ephedra. These species distribute in all parts of China except for the provinces located in Pearl River valley and median and lower and lower part of Yangtse River valley. The Ephedripites occurred in layers of China show that the genus Ephedra distributed in all parts of China with about 50 species, its earliest appearance in Jurassic and rich in species in Cretaceous and early Tertiary. According to the Ephedripites distribution in the world and the theory of continent driftion and ocean floor spreading-plate tectonics. The process of speciation of primitive species in Ephedra had occurred before the split of the ancient Pangaea. Like the Subsect Scandentes originated form Protoephedra Sect. Alatae are also ancient and has its centre in the deserts of Central Asia. Its secondary centre of species speciation is in Himalaya and Hengduan mountains.

The region of Yunnan Plateau is a very natural one in floristic nature. Its seed plants flora has about 5545 species in 1491 genera and 248 families. It is basically subtropical in nature, obvious in horizontal and vertical vicariance, as well as the wide connection in geographical rela-tionships'but specially with the regions of Sino-himalayan subkingdom. It seems that the region may be the birthplace of many Sino-himalayan floristic elements. According to the degree of abundance in endemic species and some physiographical features, the region can be floristically divided into three subregions: subregion of Central Yunnan Plateau, subregion of middle reacher of Mekong river and Red river, as well as subregion of SE Yunnan. These subregions have evi-dent differences in many aspects, the reason of that may be due to different geological back-grounds.