The following contents are involved in the paper; 1.The best secondary host of Schlechtendalia chinensis in Guizhou is Plagiomnium maximoviczii (Lindb.) T. Kop.2.The secondary hosts can be propagated by cutting into small fragments about 0.8 cm in length and then in broadcast sowing. The propagation area can be 8 times higher than its breeding material area.3. There are different propagation methods in different climate and soil conditions.4. After inoculating Schlechtendalia chinensis on Plagiomnium maximovi-czii which propagated in the experimental forest of Rhus chinensis, its Kop-pei or horned gall production is 13 times of the natural production.

The gall-nuts are endemic aphids from E. Asia, they have long been known as a profitable value by product in China. These products are available for medical and chemical industry uses.Certainly, the Chinese gall-nuts are refered to the galls produced by aphids on the genus Rhus(sumach) ,Anacardiacae. There are 14 species of Chinese gall aphids have been became Chinese gall-nuts. The Chinese Gall aphids are always specialized to host on 3 hosts (the leaves of Rhus chinensis, Rhus potaninii and Rhus punjabensis var. sinica) in spring and summer. On the other hand, the Chinese gall aphids are usually highly specialized to host on several moss-hosts in winter. Among them, 21 species have been published by Tang, Zhang, Takagi & Tian etc., there are 11 species are new recorded by the authors in thrs paper. They arc ( 1 ) Mnium lyco podioides Schwaegr, ( 2 ) Mnium thomsonii Schi-mp., (3) Orthomnium dilatatum (Mitt.) Chen, (4) Plagiomnium rhyncho-phorum (Hook.) T. Kop., (5) Brachythecium albicans (Hedw.) B. S. G., ( 6 ) Brachythecium buchananii ( Hook. ) Jaeg., ( 7 ) Brachythecium velu-tinum (Hedw.) B. S. G., (8) Brachythecium rutabulum (Hedw.) B. S. G., (9) Homalothecium perimbricatum Broth., (10) Hypnum callichroum Brid., (11) Erythrodontium julaceum (Schwaegr.) Par., etc. From (1)-(4) are the winter hosts of Schlechtendalia chinensis (Bell.).

Based on the joint field surveys in Dali and Lijiang counties in 1984 and 1987, respectively, the present status of destruction of natural vegetation there was summarized in connection with species extinction. Native plants of Yunnan are still less studied compared with those in Europe and North America, irrespective of intensive efforts of Chinese botanists. The urgent importance of the studies on Yunnan plants was discussed, especially in connection with the topics of so-called potential genetic resources. The promotion of studies in systematic botany is impor-tant not only as a fundamental field of biology but as providing valuable informa-tion in plant resources problems to save the future of mankind. In this connection, promotion of the research on Yunnan plants is urgently promoted for Chinese botanists as well as for international collaboration.

This paper reports on the advances of phytochcmistry of medicinal plants, perfume plants and other resource plants in Yunnan. The research work was done by Department of Phytochemistry and. Plant Physiology, Kunming Insti-tute of Botany, Academia Sinica during 1982-1987. The introduction are listed according to the types of compounds which are monoterpene, volatile constituent, sesquiterpen, diterpene, triterpene, steroidal saponin ( C21 and C27-steroid), alkaloid, phenol, and protein etc.

Ethnobotany is a relatively young field of science. It is a study of the direct interrelationship between people and plants for whatever purpose. The research content of ethnobotany concerned with traditional knowledge and experiences on use of plants by human being, including the history, the present status, the characteristics of economic, medicinal, ecological, and cultural uses of plants. The methodology of ethnobotany can be summarized as three stages; ( 1 ) recording, description and inventory; (2) explanation and analysis; and (3) application, This paper discusses the mordern three approaches that are being used in the study of plant resources, those are, ( 1 ) systematic approach; ( 2 ) ethnobotanical approach; (3) integrated assessment approach. Based on the comparison and analysis of three approaches, the author is focusing his surveying on the application of ethnobotany in the exploitation and utilization of plant resources. The author thinks that, as a scientific field and method ethnobotany is highly significant to the exploitation of plant resources, particularly to the multi-national ethnic culture rigions.

In a broad sense, biological resources can be divided into; basic need biological resources (such as cereal crops), biological resources with superio-rity (such as tobacco crop) and biological resources with potential superiority.Biological resources with potential superiority mean that those- biological species with useful value but have not been developed for making better social economic benefit.

From the viewpoint of genetics, the morphological structure, physiological function and ecological habit for each species of plant arc controlled by their own germplams, so that each species of plant represents an unique gcrmplasm resource. The Yunnan tropics occupy an area of 80900 km2, which is only 21 of the total area of the province, however, distributed 6000-7500 species of vascular plant in the tropics, 50 of the species of the province, where is the treasure of germplasm in Yunnan honoured "The kindom of plant".

Cell technology of secondary metabolites is a better way in exploi-tation and utilization of plant resources. This is because that the technology not only avoids the drawbacks in chemical synthesis of secondary plant metabolites but also surmounts the deficiency in cultivation of intact plant. Furthermore, cryopreservation of culture cells is a effective method for protection of plant resources. Cell technology of secondary metabolites is a better way in exploi-tation and utilization of plant resources. This is because that the technology not only avoids the drawbacks in chemical synthesis of secondary plant metabolites but also surmounts the deficiency in cultivation of intact plant. Furthermore, cryopreservation of culture cells is a effective method for protection of plant resources.

This paper deals with a cultivated history and present situation of the genus Camellia, and attempts to expound the diffcre nation and classification of flower-styles of Camellia cultivars.According to a great number of species and varieties of Camellia in China, the author presents his suggestions and ideas on the exploitation and utilization of Camellia resources in the near future.

The aquatic vascular plants in our country is rich in flora, wildly distributed and with a higher productivity. So far as the productivity, the richest rcsouccs arc concentrated in the East and North-East areas but more rich floristic resources arc found in the plateau, mountainous areas and hilly lands of our coun-try. Considering the aspects of economic, social and scientific effect, we classify the aquatic plant resouccs maily into three groups. Based on the understanding of biotic levels, six utilizable homologous levels were recognized. Some of the chara-cters and questions on the current utilization of the resources were discussed and analysed. Furthcrly, some exploitation countermeasures and projects necessarily to be studied on the resources of aquatic plant were proposed.

Cocoa butter is a fat which containing unique triglyccrides compo-sition. 2-position of the triglycerides is occupied by 89% of oleate. The trigyccrides consist of about 77% of monounsaturated disaturated glycerides GS2U ( POSt, StOSt, POP), less than 20% of monosaturated glycerides GSU2 and 1.4-2.8% of trisaturated glycerides GS3. So Cocoa butter possesses proper hardness and brittleness, retains its shape at normol room temperatures. But it mcits rapidly at physical temperature. Cocoa butter comsumption has been increasing. The supply of Cocoa butter falls short of demand already. Many kinds of Cocoa butter substitute have been searched and prepared. Several vegetable fats (Elaeis guineensis Jacq., Shorea robusta Gacrth, Madhuca latifolia, Mangifera indica L., Butyros permum parkii Kotschy and Sapium sebiferum (L.)Roxb.) have been used for the star-ting material of Cocoa butter equivalent (CBE). To expand the examination of triglyccrides composition of vegetable fats, especially the fats of Sapotaccac, Diptcrocarpaceae, Guttifcrac and Anacardiaccae. More new raw materials of CBE will be explored and prepared probably.

China is rich in perfume plant resources. There are about 400 species of perfume plants, belonging to 62 genera. They are widely distributed in the tropical, subtropical, temperate and frigid areas of our country. More than 120 natural perfumes can be produced. Some of them come first on the list in the world, such as cassia oil, star anise, peppermint oil, menthol, turpentine oil, eucalyptus oil and cedar wood oil etc. China has becoming an important country with the production of natural perfume and has occupied a decisive position in the production and trade of natural perfrme in the world. This paper not only expounds the rich and varied perfume plant resources in China, but also describes the way of changing the resources superiority into economic benefit. The author's opinions on further rational exploitation and utilization of China's perfume plant resources are of vallue to readers.

In this paper, an observation of chemotaxonomy of the genus Panax (Araljaceae) has detailed. There are two types of triterpenoid saponins were isolated from this genus. Ginseng (P. Ginseng C. A. Meyer), America Ginseng (P. quinquefolius L.) and Sanchi-Ginscng ( P. notoginseng ( Burk. ) F.H. Chen) are famous drugs and used for traditional madicinc in China and a number of dammarane saponins as main constituents have been contained. On the other hand, P. japonicus C. A. Meyer and its varieties, P. zingiberensis Wu et Feng, P. stipuleanatus Tsai et Feng and P. pseudo-ginseng Wall. have been only used for folk medicine in China and a number of oleanane saponins as main constituents have been contained. It is interesting that between types are diffrent not only in saponin constituents but also in morphologic characterstics (especially in subter-ranean parts), geographic distribution and medicinal value. From this, the phylo-geny of Panax were discussed on chemotaxonomical view, and a suggestion about development and application of medicinal resources of this genus was raised.

The present article with 80 references concentrates on the medicinal history and present utilization of, and recent chemical studies on Chinese Aconitum and Delphinium plants. With this, the exploitation of their med.cinal plants are discussed. Sufficient information is included in the following items; 1. Medicinal history of Aconitum and Delphinium plants.

The genus Hemsleya used as herbal medicines in China. A briefly discussion about investigation, ecology, geographical distribution pattern, domestic cultivation, taxonoxy and chemical constituents are given.It is possible to give scientific evaluation for explotation and utilization in natural resources of Hemsleya (Cucurbitaceae).

12 saponins of 18 taxa (species, varieties and forms) of the genus Paris are listed in this paper, in which glucoside 7, 8 and 10 that have been able to used to stop bleeding; glucoside 3 and 5 exhibit antitumor activity; further-more, glucoside 3 is of great use for bacteriostasis. The rhizoma of some species including Paris poly phi la Smith var. chinensis possess analgesic and sedative effects. In China, the genus Paris composes of 16 species, amounting to 84.2% of the whole 19 species of this genus, in which 15 species are mainly distributed in Yunnan, Sichuan and Guizhou, being up to 78.9% of this genus. Several species of Paris, such as Paris polyphylla Smith var. yunnanensis and P. polyphylla Smith var. chinensis, have been used as medicines for long time, but now more plants including P. forrestii, P. cronquistii, P. fargesii, P. luquanensis.P. polyphylla Smith form. macrosepala, P. vietnamensis, P. dunniana, P. mairei, P. polyphylla Smith var. stenophylla etc., are considered as important materials for medicines because the chemical compounds extracted from these plants have been proved with physiological activity. Unfortunately some species of the genus Paris are faced with a extinction for the resources of this genus are being consumed day by day. In this case, it seems quite necessary to broaden sources of income and reduce expediture. We also should pay more attention to the artificial propagation and cultivation of the genus Paris.

In this paper, some of the recent developments on the utilization of medicinal plant resources in China is presented. A three-fold developing program toward the better utiltzation of Chinese medicinal plant resources has been discussed. This includes, firstly, enlarging the resources and improving the quality of the medicinal plants;seccondly, developing new preparations or other products from medicinal plants; and thirdly, searching for new drugs emerged from medicinal plants. All the processes of development mentioned above require an inter-penetrating effort of multidiciplinary research.

Xizang (Tibet) is an ancient nationality which mainly lives in Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. 1300 years ago, there began the literature records about Tibetan medicine and pharmacy. Since the eighth century, many literatures about Tibetan medicine and pharmacy were found.