The structure of roots, stems and leaves in Siraitia grosvenorii is roughly similar to that in other plants of Cucurbitaceae. Differences in three repects are observed: ( a ) There are five vascular bundles in the midribs of the leaves, ( b ) There exist groups of silica cells in leaves, ( c ) The root tubers show anomalous secondary growth. In secondary xylem, a series of supernumerary cambia form around the tracheary elements. Many small vascular bundles with xylem and phloem differentiate from the supernumerary cambia.

Large amounts ot viable protoplast were isolated from ealli of D.ianthus, caryophyllus. L. It is necessary that bovine serum albumin and potas-sium dextran sulfate were involved in enzyme mixtures for obtaining survivmg and dividing protoplats. Comparative experiments were studied on different bas,c culture medium, such as B,, MS and KM8p. Sustained division of carnahon protoplast can be obtained only on B. medium supplemented with 2 mg/1 glycme 04 mg/1 folic acid, 0.05 mg/1 biotin, 100 mg/1 L-glutamic acid, 100 mg/l L-aspartie acid, 100 mg/1 casein hydrolysate. 1 mg/l 2,4-D, 0.1 mg/1 NAA,0.5 m,/l 6-BA.100 ml/1 coconut milk, 60 g/1 mannitol and 30 g/1 sucrose, pH 5.7. Calli can be seen with naked eye after one month in culturing. Differentiation of calli derived from protoplast is in progress, but it is difficult.

We examined the chloroform extract of the leaves and inflorescence of Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng collected in the suburb of Kunming, Yunnan, China. Nine colourless crystals were isolated. Five among them were identified to be dotriacontane ( 1 ) , β-sitosterol( 2), stigmasterol (3), taraxasteryl palmitate ( 4 ) , taraxasteryl acetate ( 5 ) by spectroscopic evidences and compa-rison with standard samples.

The somatic embryoids were initiated from cotyledon segments of two cultivars of Camellia sasanqua in vitro culture on the MS medium supple-mented with 6 -BA and NAA. It was obvious that the embryoids were formed directly from the surface of the cotyledons. When transferred onto a medium with 2 ppm BA, 0.5 ppm IAA, 0.2 ppm ABA and 500 ppm glutamine (Gin), the embryoids developed into complete plantlets. The growth regulator test demonstra-ted that GA3 had an inhibitory effect on formation of embryoids, but GA3 could stimulate shoot growth and root development of the mature embryoids. In subculture, a large number of secondary embryoids regenerated in 5-6 weeks. The plantlets were transferred to soil where they grown normally.

A high performance liquid chromatographic method for the quanti-tative analysis of eight phenols compounds, gastrodin ( 1 ) , p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol (2) , p-hydroxybenzyl aldehyde (3) , 4,4'-dihydroxy-diphenyl methane (5), 4,4'-dihydroxy-dibenzyl ether (6) , p-hydroxybenzyl ethyl ether (7), 4-ethoxymethyl phenyl-4' -hydroxy benzyl ether (8), parishin (9) was reported.Determination was curried out under the following conditions; ethyl ether extract; column, Zorbax ODS 250x4.6 mm (Dupont), mobile phase, methanol-water(6.5 : 3.5), flow rate, 0.2 ml/min, wave length 270 nm; detector, SPD-2AS. n-butyl alcohol extract: column, Partisil ODS 250x9.4 mm (Whatman) , mobile phase, methanol-water (9 : 1), flow rate, 0.25 ml/min, detector, SPD-2AS wave length 225 nm. External standard method was used. With this method, the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the phenol constituents of sixteen samples of Gastrodia elata and its related plants G. angusta and Galeola lindleyana were examied. It is shown that HPLC is a useful tool not only for the quality determination of Gastrodia elata as a herb drug, but also for chemical ecology and chemotaxonomy of genus Gastrodia and its related plants, and for screening of new natural resources of gastrodin.

The chemical components of the two leaf essential oils from Ligu-sticum sinense Oliv. cv. Chuanxiong Hort. collected on March 20, 1986 and April 20, 1986 resp. were analyzed by GC and GC-MS-DS of 200-202 peaks isolated by a 50m x 0.25mm i. d. bonded methyl silicone fused silica glass column from the two oils, 44 common components were identified by comparing the obtained mass spectra and retention indices with those of mass spectral data base and with retention indices determined by Jennings, W. and by authentic sample superimpositions. The relative contents of the components were calculated by LCI -100 integrator with the peak area normalization method. The experimental results showed that differences between the two oils were mainly quantitative. Ligustilide (16.62%), one of the major and physiological active components of the oil collected on April 20, was detected in minor amounts (0.36%) in the oil collected on March 20, on the other hand, γ -pathoulene ( 18.34% ) , trans-β-farnesene (8.83%) which were the main components of March oil existed in small proportion (7.79% and 1.88% resp.) in April oil.

The garlic oil from Allium sativumL. cultivated in Qujing, Yun-nan, China was investigated with GC and GC-MS; 20 compounds were identified and 5 of them never yet reported for the garlic oil, namely, 6-methyl-l-thi-2 ,4 -cyclohcxadien.e, 5 -methyl- 1 , 2 -dithi- 3 -cyclopentene, 4 -methyl- 1 , 2 -dithi -cyclopentene, 4 -vinyl- 1,2,3 -trithi- 5 -cyclohexene and Allyl methyl pentasu-Ifide. The main components are 3-vinyl-1, 2-dithi-5-cyclohexene and 3-vinyl - 1 , 2 -dithi- 4 -cyclohexene.

The base-catalyzed dehydration of hydroxyl compounds is unusually studied in dehydration rections.A specical phytoecdysone,carring a α-hydroxyl group on C11-position,ajugasterone C on treatment with 5% KOH-MeOH solution,eliminated a H2O,then afforded a preduct dacryhainansterone (IV) in over 80% yield at room temperature.

A new ent-kaurene diterpene, rabdoforrestin A (1 ) , mp 204- 206°C, [α]22/D -83°(c=0.96,CHCL3)was isolated from the leaves of Rabdosia forrestii (Diels) Hara (Labiatae) collected Lijiang, Yunnan. Its structure has been shown to be ent-11β-hydroxy-2α, 3α,6β, 7α-tetraacetoxy-16-kauren-15-one (1 ) on the basis of spwctroscopic and chemical evidence and compared with known compound lushanrubescensin B .

Neomicrocalamus has been published by P.C. Keng in 1983. The same auther transferred it into Racemobambosia 1986. But the Neomicrocalamus is different from Racemobambos, the former has pseudospikelets and the latter has spikelets, and the two genera have different types of inflorecence. Therefore, the two genera are tenable; as to the systematic position, Neomicrocalamus may be placed in tribe Bambuseae While Racemobambos in tribe ArthrostyHdieae (sensu lato).

The author infered that some two ancient species of Meta-sequoia and Sequoiadendron, whose direct descendants were probably M. glyptostroboides and S. giganteum, might be the parents of Sequoia semper-uirens. According to the previous result and Florin's paleobotany data, the present paper conjectured that the years and locality of hybridizational origin of autoallopolyploid (AAAABB) S. semperuirens might be in (1) Miocene, West America (take Oregon and its neighbourhood as the center) (Fig. 1-3), (2) Paleocene, the west coast of Greenland (Fig. 1-5); (3) late Cretaceous, Central-West America (including Wyoming, Colorado) (Fig. 1-4). The present author here considered that the possibility of the first conjecture was greater possible than the other two.

Species labello flavo,mediano baltis 2-rubris e medio ad basem instructo A.sarlatino H. T. Tsai & P．S．Chen similis, sed lamina oblongo- lanceolata，ligula integra，1．1- 1．5 cm longa，labello attenuato－obovato，bracteis membrana－ceis，corolla lobis linearibus differt．

This paper deals with the variation law of photosynthetic rates of Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng and the relation between the variation law and I main enviromental factors. The difference of its photosynthetic rates was compared , with some farm crops. The main results are as follows: 1. E. adenophorum is a herbaceous plant of C3 type and sun inclining to shade. The light saturation point is about 40000 Ix. The compensation point is about 700 Ix. The CO2 compensation point is about 80 ppm. 2. The maximum net photosynthetic rate of E. adenophorum is about 23 CO2 mg.dm^-2.h-1. The diurnal variation law of its photosynthetic rates exhibits a curve with double peak (main peak at about 10 : 00 and secondary peak at about 16: 00). Its photosynthetic rate keeps higher level for a long time in a year. 3. The change in the soil moisture content affects leaf's photosynthetic rate obviously. The photosynthetic rate of E. adenophorum grown in vegetable soil approximates to zero when the soil moisture content is reduced to 17, and what is more, the photosynthetic rate of the plant undergone drought tieatment on the third day after lewatering is 53 as much as the normal ones. Accordig to the above experimental results and climate characteristics which the dry and rain season aie very distinct in the harmed area, it seems that the dry season (from October to next February) is better time for controlling E. adenophorum.

Shishan is part of the Kam-Yunnania (Sikang-Yunnan ancient landmass) , which has an ancient geological history. After the Tertiary, it keeps relatively stable and has advantageous physiography conditions, its flora did not suffer severe danger by the glacier during the Quaternary. The study area is located in the southern portion of the middle subtropical region, it covers an area of ca. 100 km2 and reaches 2419.8 m in altitude. Its general climate is similar to that of Kunming, with only two seasons: dry and wet. The annual average temperate and rainfall are respectively 15.1 °C and 1004 mm, the solar radiation energy is up to 127 Kcal./cm2 annually. Floristically, it is situated in C Yunnan subregion, Yunnan plateau region belonging to Sino-Himalayan forest subkingdom of Holarctic kingdom. Due to the location of the transition of the mountain and it is a relatively undisturbed area in C Yunnan, the investigation on the Shishan mountain vegetation and flora is helpful for us to understand the phytogeographical significance of this area and its adjacent regions.

The wounded cotyledon and hypocotyl explants from sunflower seedlings grown in vitro were soaked in suspension cultures of wild type strain B6S3 or T37 of A. tumefaciens which were at logarithmic growth phage. After 20-30 min the infected explants were transfered into MS medium lacking hormones and co-cultivated for three days at 25°C and weak light. The non-attached bacteria were then removed by washing the infected explants for 8-10 times. The selection for hormone-independent growth and elimination for the rest of the free bacteria were made in hormone-free medium supplemented with 500 mg/l carbenicillin. Transformed tumor tissues from infected both cotyledon and hypocotyl explants haev been induced by A. tumefaciens with the in vitro transformation system. Frequencies of transformation were ca. 60-96. Transformants were confirmed by their ability to proliferate tumor callus in hormone-free medium and to contain opine synthase activities in their tissues. In the process of subculture the isolated tumor tissues retained their growth trait of homone autonomy. In addition the growth rate of tumor tissues was much higher than that of normal callus cultures induced by hormones in hormone-free conditions.

A new glucosinolate, the 2-hydroxyethylglucosinolate was isolated and identified from seeds of Capparis masaikai Levl, with a yield of 3% of dry seed meal. Its enzymatic product at pH 6.0 was oxazolidine- 2 -thione. The thioglucosidase was extracted from seed meal powder with 1 N Nad, precipitated with ammonium sulfate, and futher purified by gel filtration on Sephadex G50 and being passed through a CM-cellulose column. The purified thioglucosidase was showed to be of Mr =116 kD, pI =5.05, consisted of two near equal subunits. It differs from the thioglucosidases isolated from the seeds of Cruciferae, which are glyco proteins with Mr = 140 kD and a carbohydrate content of 15%, in that it was showed not to contain carbohydrate.

Pollen grains of 18 species or varieties of the genus Paris ( Trilli-aceae)have been examined under light microscope and scanning electron microscope. All the species examined are characterized in having oblate and anacolpate pollen grains. The size of the pollen grains ranges from 27 to 30 um in the polar axis and from 48 to 55 um in the longest equatorial axis. The exine is twolayered, with sexine equal to or thicker than nexine in thickness. The ornamentations of the exine are foveolate, reticulate and rugulato-reticulate according to different species under scanning electron microscope. The ornamentation of the exine in Paris axialis and P. forrestii is more diverse and complicated than in any other species of the genus. These two species can be grouped together on the basis of pollen morphology, especially the simila-rities between their exine ornamentations in having muri which are characterized by possession of clavate, nodose and tuberculate or verrucate structures, which gives support to Li Hen who placed the two species in the same section of Axiparis H. Li. But how to treat those species with foveolate exine ornamentation is still a problem and needs futher study by absorbing other subjects.

Abstract The karyotypes of five species of Paris, i. e, P. cronquistii (K2n=2x= 10+2bs=6m+4t+2bs), P. vietnamens is ( K2n = 2x = 10 = 6m + lst+ 30 P. delavayi (K2n = 2x = 10 + ibs = 6m+4t+ibs) , P. forrestii ( K2n=2x= 10+2bs=6m+4t+2bs) , P. vaniotii (K2n = 2x = 10 = 6m+4t)were analysed based on cells at mitotic metaphase. Origin of the materials used in this work are pro-vided in Table 2 f the micrographs of mitotic metaphase of 5 species are provided in Fig. If the idiograms in Fig. 2 and the parameters of chromosomes are provided in Table 1. All the karyotypes in this paper are reported for the first time.

The biosystematic relationships among Roegneria kamoji Ohwi, R. ciliaris (Trin.) Nevski and R. japonensis (Honda) Keng in the tribe Triticeae Dumortier were studied in the present paper by the methods of morpho-logical comparison and karyotype analysis. Morphologically, R. kamoji was quite different from the other two species, i. e. R. ciliaris and R. japonensis. But there was very slight disparity between the latter two species. Therefore, the classification of the two species was very difficult. Cytologically, the karyotype formulae of the three species were as follows:R. kamoji, 2n = 6x = 42 = 30m+8sm +4SAT;R. ciliaris, 2n = 4x =28 = 18m + 6sm+ 4SAT; R. japonensis, 2n=4x=28 = 18m+6sm+4SAT. The karyotype of R. ciliaris and R. japonensis showed non-significant difference from the analysis of t-test, while the karyotype of R. kamoji was substantially different from those of the other two species. Based on above-mentioned results, the authors suggest R. ciliaris and R. japonensis be combined into one species.

Ex affinitate Diploknema butyraceoidi(Scott)H.J.Lam.a qua floribus majoribus,nutantibus,staminibus 80-90;foliis apice brevi-acuminatis,subtus ad costas et nervos puberulis;ovario discoideo,ferrugineo-villoso;corolla 12-lobata,extus glabra,ad faucum ferrugineo-lanata diversa.

Species affinis C. austro-glaucae Y. T. Chang, sed foliis multo majoribus glaberrimis, nervis lateralibus multioribus ,margine supra basin aristate incurvato-serratis, glandibus paullo depresso-globosis,diametro altitudine latiore,lamellis integris differt.

The quantitative relationships of 14 taxa of Paris were calculated, using their content of steroidel saponins, with L. B. Thien, W. H. Heimermann, and R. T. Holman's fomula which was used in calculating the quantitative relationships of chemical components of plant. The result of the calculation is Rxy (the relationship index between each two species) . The relationship of a species to the group as a whole was calculated by summing the Rxy values for that species. Then a figure of quantitative relationship was drawed. ( Fig. 1) The result was the contents of steroidel saponins of P. cronquistii and P. japonica were very similar with 12 other species of Paris., the contents of steroidel sapo-nins of P. fargesii and P. bashanensis were very different from 12 species of Paris. The components of steroidel saponins of the two species were very parti-cular.