黔东南糯禾遗传资源的传统管理与利用

doi:10.7677/ynzwyj201312147

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

黔东南聚居着苗族、侗族、布依族、水族、瑶族、壮族、土家族、革家人和汉族等众多民族。该地区不仅生物多样性极其丰富，民族传统文化多样性也丰富多彩。通过对黔东南少数民族传统文化与糯禾传统遗传资源的管理和利用的相关性研究，结果发现：在历史上有“糯禾之乡”美誉的黔东南，虽然在近代经历了“三次糯改籼”的变革，但是至今仍然保存着类型繁多的糯禾，在研究中采集到243份糯禾标本，仅穗部性状差异明显的就有19份。不同的糯禾资源能很好适应该地区复杂多变的自然生态环境，并且具有丰富的民族传统文化内涵，这是糯禾资源能在黔东南民族地区很好地保存下来的决定性因素。黔东南各民族不仅创造了绚丽多彩的民族传统文化，也为传统的生态农业文化与生物多样性的保护与利用做出了贡献，进一步验证了文化多样性在生物多样性保护与利用中所发挥的积极作用。

关键词: 传统文化, 糯禾, 生物多样性, 少数民族, 黔东南

Abstract:

Southeast Guizhou, inhabited by the Miao, Dong, Buyi, Shui, Yao, Zhuang, Tujia, Gejia and Han Chinese, is famous for its complicated biophysical environments. The region is very rich not only in biological diversity, but also in traditional cultural diversity. In the present paper, we studied the relationship betwen traditional culture in Southeast Guizhou and the management & utilization of local glutinous rice genetic resources. Although Southeast Guizhou had undergone three great improvements from “Glutinous Rice to Nonglutinous Rice”, various glutinous rice landraces still exist in the region. A total number of 243 glutinous rice genetic resources specimens were collected in the research, among them 19 specimens are marked difference in morophological characteristics.And, besides that this kind of rice adapt to the complex and changeful environment easily, the main reason is that the national traditional cultural has countless contacts with the management and utilization diversity of the aromatic glutinous rice species, which is the determining factor of the species diversity of glutinous rice can be well preserved in southeast of Guizhou. The different ethnic groups of Southeast of Guizhou not only created colorful ethnic traditional culture, but also made contribution to the protection and utilization of ecological agriculture, culture and species diversity. In addtition, we further validates that the positive significance of the influence of diversity of national traditional culture on the protection and utilization of biodiversity.

Key words: Traditional culture, Glutinous rice, Biodiversity, Ethnic minorities, Southeast Guizhou

中图分类号:

Q 948.1

雷启义1、2、3, 张文华1、3, 孙军1、3, 杨敏贤1, 周江菊1、2、3. 黔东南糯禾遗传资源的传统管理与利用[J]. Plant Diversity, 2013, 35(2): 195-201.

LEI Qi-Yi-, ZHANG Wen-Hua-, SUN Jun-, YANG Min-Xian-, ZHOU Jiang-Ju. Traditional Management and Utilization of Glutinous Rice Genetic Resources in Southeast Guizhou[J]. Plant Diversity, 2013, 35(2): 195-201.

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