植物适应长期缺钾——积累叶片膜脂、维持根膜脂组成不变

doi:10.7677/ynzwyj201413099

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

环境对植物的胁迫可能是短期快速的、也可能是长期而缓慢的，而植物应对这两种胁迫的策略可能不同。膜脂组成变化是植物响应环境胁迫的主要手段之一，其响应长期胁迫和短期胁迫的样式也可能不同。植物膜脂组成对短期缺钾胁迫的响应已经有报道，但是对长期缺钾的响应如何尚且未知。我们设置了4种（51，051，0051和0mmol·L-1）不同的钾浓度，比较了拟南芥（Arabidopsis thaliana）及其生长于贫钾生境中的近缘种须弥芥（Crucihimalaya himalaica）长期缺钾后（18天）的生理和生化变化，发现须弥芥具有耐受贫钾的能力。我们进一步运用脂类组学的方法检测比较了拟南芥和须弥芥在长期缺钾胁迫下脂类组成的变化，发现：(1) 两种植物叶片中总脂以及几乎所有脂类的含量明显上升；(2) 两种植物都是地上部分膜脂的变化幅度大于根部膜脂的变化幅度；(3) 地上部分膜脂变化幅度，须弥芥的大于拟南芥的；地下部分的膜脂变化幅度，须弥芥的小于拟南芥的；(4) 拟南芥叶片和根中PA的含量显著上升，与PA相对应的是PE含量的显著下降，由此我们推测拟南芥中PA的积累主要来自于PE的水解。上述结果提示，在细胞水平上，植物主要通过积累叶片膜脂和维持根部膜脂组成基本不变来适应长期缺钾。

关键词: 须弥芥, 拟南芥, 耐缺钾, 膜脂

Abstract:

Environmental stresses on plants can be divided into short and longterm types, which may be associated with different adaptation strategies. Adjustment of the composition of membrane lipid is a major response to stress. The membrane lipid composition may different between short and longterm environment stresses. A previous study reported changes in the lipid composition in barley root under shortterm potassium (K+) deficiency; however, the equivalent response of plants to longterm K+ deficiency remains completely unknown. Plants of Arabidopsis thaliana and Crucihimalaya himalaica (Brassicaceae) were grown at four different K+ levels (51,051,0051 and 0mmol·L-1) for 18 days. Physiological and biochemical experiments were conducted on this issue and the results suggest that Chimalaica, a relative of Athaliana, derived from a K+deficient area, is tolerant to K+limited conditions. Electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESIMS/MS) was used to determine the lipid changes in Athaliana and Chimalaica subjected to longterm K+ deficiency. The results showed that: (1) the levels of total lipids and most lipid classes in leaves of Athaliana and Chimalaica increased under K+deficient conditions; (2) the changes in lipid content in leaves of Athaliana and Chimalaica were greater than those in the roots; (3) the change in lipid content in leaves of Chimalaica was greater than that in Athaliana, with the opposite trend being shown in the roots and (4) in Athaliana, the increase in phosphatidic acid (PA) corresponded to the decrease in phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). This indicates that K+deficiencyinduced PA in Athaliana was derived primarily from PE. Our results suggest that, at the cellular level, plants adapt to longterm K+ deficiency by the accumulation of lipids in leaves and maintenance of the lipid composition in roots.

Key words: Crucihimalaya himalaica, Arabidopsis thaliana, Potassium deficiency tolerance, Membrane lipids

中图分类号:

Q 945

王丹丹, 郑国伟, 李唯奇. 植物适应长期缺钾——积累叶片膜脂、维持根膜脂组成不变[J]. Plant Diversity, 2014, 36(02): 163-176.

WANG Dan-Dan, ZHENG Guo-Wei, LI Wei-Qi. Plants Adapt to LongTerm Potassium Deficiency by Accumulation of Membrane Lipids in Leaves and Maintenance of Lipid Composition in Roots[J]. Plant Diversity, 2014, 36(02): 163-176.

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