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Plant Diversity ›› 2022, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (01): 39-69.DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2021.07.005

• Articles • 上一篇    下一篇

Plant diversity of Hyrcanian relict forests: An annotated checklist, chorology and threat categories of endemic and near endemic vascular plant species

Atefeh Ghorbanalizadeh, Hossein Akhani   

  1. Halophytes and C4 Plants Research Laboratory, Department of Plant Sciences, School of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 14155-6455, Tehran, Iran
  • 收稿日期:2021-01-12 修回日期:2021-07-11 出版日期:2022-02-25 发布日期:2022-03-12
  • 通讯作者: Hossein Akhani
  • 基金资助:
    The herbarium curators of the Plant Pests and Diseases Research Institute (IRAN), the Research Institute of Forests and Rangeland (TARI) and Botanical Garden and Botanical Museum of Berlin (B) are appreciated for allowing us to study available material in those herbaria. We are grateful to Targol Chatrenoor for preparing some photos of herbarium specimens from Komarov Botanical Institute (LE). We appreciate Alireza Noormohammadi for providing the photograph of Lilium ledebourii and Mahmood Shakiba for finding Gentiana grossheimii in Jahan Nama Protected Area.

Plant diversity of Hyrcanian relict forests: An annotated checklist, chorology and threat categories of endemic and near endemic vascular plant species

Atefeh Ghorbanalizadeh, Hossein Akhani   

  1. Halophytes and C4 Plants Research Laboratory, Department of Plant Sciences, School of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 14155-6455, Tehran, Iran
  • Received:2021-01-12 Revised:2021-07-11 Online:2022-02-25 Published:2022-03-12
  • Contact: Hossein Akhani
  • Supported by:
    The herbarium curators of the Plant Pests and Diseases Research Institute (IRAN), the Research Institute of Forests and Rangeland (TARI) and Botanical Garden and Botanical Museum of Berlin (B) are appreciated for allowing us to study available material in those herbaria. We are grateful to Targol Chatrenoor for preparing some photos of herbarium specimens from Komarov Botanical Institute (LE). We appreciate Alireza Noormohammadi for providing the photograph of Lilium ledebourii and Mahmood Shakiba for finding Gentiana grossheimii in Jahan Nama Protected Area.

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摘要： In this paper a critical annotated checklist of 256 endemic and near endemic species belonging to 152 genera and 50 families of flowering plants known from Hyrcanian relict forests is presented. Distribution maps of taxa, elevational range, number of known records, chorotypes, life forms, IUCN threat categories and habitat types are also provided. The chorotypes are categorized into eight main patterns:1) the Omni-Hyrcanian pattern (OH), 2) West Hyrcanian pattern (WH), 3) Manjil-Rudbar pattern (MR), 4) Central Hyrcanian pattern (CH), 5) Central and East Hyrcanian pattern (CEH), 6) East Hyrcanian pattern (EH), 7) Alborz-Hyrcanian pattern (AH), and 8) Euxino-Hyrcanian pattern (XH). The richness and distribution maps were generated based on 5408 records gained from herbarium specimens and literature records. The life form spectra show that the majority of taxa (54.7%) belong to hemicryptophytes, followed by the tuberous, bulbous and parasitic geophytes with 45 species (17.6%) and phanerophytes with 28 taxa (10.9%). The conservation status of species according to IUCN criteria indicates that 30 taxa are Critically Endangered, 52 taxa Endangered, 30 taxa Vulnerable, 25 taxa Near Threatened and 81 taxa are of Least Concern. Our present data were not sufficient to evaluate 38 taxa that are categorized here as Data Deficient. The new combination of Leutea translucens (=Peucedanum translucens) is validated with inclusion of Peucedanum hyrcanicum as its synonym. The disjunct occurrence of the Caucasian species Gentiana grossheimii is reported from the eastern parts of the Hyrcanian forests in Iran for the first time. We conclude that (i) the Hyrcanian forests and associated habitats in the northern slopes of the Alborz Mountains harbour tremendous floristic diversity of high conservation priority, and (ii) the Hyrcanian forest zone is an important and unique center of endemism within the Euro-Siberian region that should be considered a floristic province with a large number of relict species.

关键词: Biodiversity, Distribution pattern, Endemic plant, Hyrcanian forests, IUCN category

Abstract: In this paper a critical annotated checklist of 256 endemic and near endemic species belonging to 152 genera and 50 families of flowering plants known from Hyrcanian relict forests is presented. Distribution maps of taxa, elevational range, number of known records, chorotypes, life forms, IUCN threat categories and habitat types are also provided. The chorotypes are categorized into eight main patterns:1) the Omni-Hyrcanian pattern (OH), 2) West Hyrcanian pattern (WH), 3) Manjil-Rudbar pattern (MR), 4) Central Hyrcanian pattern (CH), 5) Central and East Hyrcanian pattern (CEH), 6) East Hyrcanian pattern (EH), 7) Alborz-Hyrcanian pattern (AH), and 8) Euxino-Hyrcanian pattern (XH). The richness and distribution maps were generated based on 5408 records gained from herbarium specimens and literature records. The life form spectra show that the majority of taxa (54.7%) belong to hemicryptophytes, followed by the tuberous, bulbous and parasitic geophytes with 45 species (17.6%) and phanerophytes with 28 taxa (10.9%). The conservation status of species according to IUCN criteria indicates that 30 taxa are Critically Endangered, 52 taxa Endangered, 30 taxa Vulnerable, 25 taxa Near Threatened and 81 taxa are of Least Concern. Our present data were not sufficient to evaluate 38 taxa that are categorized here as Data Deficient. The new combination of Leutea translucens (=Peucedanum translucens) is validated with inclusion of Peucedanum hyrcanicum as its synonym. The disjunct occurrence of the Caucasian species Gentiana grossheimii is reported from the eastern parts of the Hyrcanian forests in Iran for the first time. We conclude that (i) the Hyrcanian forests and associated habitats in the northern slopes of the Alborz Mountains harbour tremendous floristic diversity of high conservation priority, and (ii) the Hyrcanian forest zone is an important and unique center of endemism within the Euro-Siberian region that should be considered a floristic province with a large number of relict species.

Key words: Biodiversity, Distribution pattern, Endemic plant, Hyrcanian forests, IUCN category

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