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Table of Content
25 October 2006, Volume 28 Issue 05
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Fossil History and Modern Distribution of the Genus
Abies
(Pinaceae)
XIANG Xiao-Guo; CAO Ming; ZHOU Zhe-Kun
2006, 28(05): 439-452.
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2392
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The plants of the genus
Abies
are dominant and key species in dark conifer forest in the Northern Hemisphere. There are 52 species, 1 subspecies and 12 varities of genus
Abies
in the world. The history and modern distribution of
Abies
were discussed at present paper. The genus has 3 modern distributional centers: South Europe, North America and East Asia. These areas are also rich in fossil records. The vertical distribution regions of
Abies
are from sea level to 4 700m, concentrated in 1 000 - 2 000 m (15 species ) and 2 500 - 4 000 m ( 13 species ). In China, the genus distributes in 20 provinces, especially abundant in the Hengduan Mountians. Meanwhile endemic and relic phenomea are obvious in this genus. There are 7 relical species with both limited individuals and limited distributed regions. Based on the fossil records and the newest phylogenetic data, the following hypothesis was proposed:
Abies
originated from the mid- and high altitude of the Northern Hemisphere in the Middle Cretaceous and it was dispersed forward to the south area in the Eocene due to global climate cooler down. The distribution of
Abies
was deeply impacted by geological events such as upleft of Himalaya, Alps, Rocky Mountains, the occurrence of Aisan Monsoon as well as Quaternary glaciers. Finally the current
distribution pattern appeared at the Quaternary. The genus
Abies
has similar fossil history and modern distribution pattern
with
Cathaya
and
Pseudolarix
.
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Study of the Woody Plant Flora of Luoliaoxian Nature Reserve in Zhejiang Province
WANG Chang-Teng
2006, 28(05): 453-460.
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2655
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Based on investigation and statistical analysis, the woody plant flora of Luoliaoxian Nature Reserve is studied in the present paper . Woody plant flora is abundant in Luoliaoxian Nature Reserve of Zhejiang Province . There are 738 species ( including varieties) of woody plant belonging to 292 genera and 89 families. The dominant families are Rosaceae、Fabaceae、Caprifoliaceae、Fagaceae and Lauraceae . The dominant genera are
Rubus
、
Ilex
、
Prunus
、
Symplocos
and
Viburnum
. The flora origin traces back early, many of its families、genera and relic species are ancientry. The flora elements are complicated coming from different geographical types. The geographical distribution has relationships with other parts in the formation of the world , and the temperate elements of the woody flora have a dominant position. Some suggestions for woody plant resources protections were also put forward .
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Floristic Geography of
Calamus
(Palmae:Calamoideae) in China
XING Yao-Wu; WANG Kang-Lin; YANG Yu-Ming
2006, 28(05): 461-467.
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3006
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Calamus
L. (Palmae : Calamoideae) is the largest palm genus, with about 370 species in the world. China is the north verge of its natural distribution, 37 species and 26 varieties are reported in southwestern and southeastern China respectively. The high proportion of endemic species indicates that the natural distribution of Calamus shows intensely regional. Its flora of southwestern China distribution center is closely related to that of western Indo-Chinese Peninsula and South Asia, and the southeastern China distribution center is more closely related to that of eastern Indo-Chinese Peninsula.
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New Data of Aceraceae Plants in Xizang and Yunnan, China
CHEN You-Sheng
2006, 28(05): 468-469.
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1909
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Acer tonkinense
H. Lecomte and
Acer wilsonii
Rehder are newly recorded for Xizang,
Acer campbellii
var. serratifolium Banerji is a new record from China.
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The Chronological History and Taxonomic Variation of the Genus
Cupressus
(Cupressaceae) in India
J. Silba
2006, 28(05): 469-470.
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1823
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Recent embryological evidence of studies of seedlings of
Cupressus
L. along with chemotaxonomic studies of heartwood components has demonstrated that
Cupressus
lusitanicaMill. did indeed originate from the country of India. In the midsixteenth century, Portuguese merchants established early trade routes between India and Portugal. The trade developed from the spice industry confirms Miller’s ( 1768 ) original description that Cupressus lusitanica did indeed originate from India. Later authors suggested that
Cupressus lusitanica
cultivated in Portugal was introduced from wild populations of
Cupressus
in Mexico. However, this latter theory was never accepted by native botanist in the country of Mexico, including noted botanist
M. martinez (1948 ). In fact, all
Cupressus
species in India seem to have a different embryology than that of all
Cupressus
species in Nepal, Bhutan, China and Vietnam (Silba, 1994 ).
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Cayratia lanceolata
, a New Nomenclatural Combination in Vitaceae
WEN Jun; CHEN Zhi-Duan
2006, 28(05): 471-472.
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2676
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In preparation of the Vitaceae treatment for Flora of China, we discovered that
Cayratia mollissima
var.
lanceolata
C. L. Li from China’s Hainan is highly distinct from
C
. mollissima (Wall. ) Gagnep. from the Malay Peninsula and Indochina in fruit and leaf morphology. The taxon from Hainan deserves recognition at the species level and thus a new combination,
Cayratia lanceolata
(C. L. Li ) J. Wen & Z. -D. Chen, is herein made.
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Comparative Anatomy of Leaves in 12 Species of
Lycoris
(Amaryllidaceae)
ZHOU Shou-Biao; LUO Qi; LI Jin-Hua; WANG Ying
2006, 28(05): 473-480.
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(
2910
)
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The comparative anatomy of the leaves of 12 species in
Lycoris
was studied. The results are as follows: ( 1) The shape of these foliar transection in
Lycoris
is basically shallow“W”or“V”nd there are many spiny papillae on epidermal cells of some species; (2) All these species possess dorsi-ventral leaves. The mesophyll is differentiated into the palisade parenchyma and the spongy parenchyma, many differences between both of them, such as the thickness of the palisade parenchyma and the spongy parenchyma, the proportion of them and even the cell layers of palisade parenchyma, are occured among species; (3) The spongy parenchyma is developed and possesses abundant big parenchymatous cells or hollow cavities ( secretory canals or air cavities); (4) The number of the vascular bundle is usually odd, and the vascular bundle sheath is composed of parenchyma cells; (5) The shape of leaf margin in transverse section can be divided into arcuate
and cuneate. Many characters of foliar anatomy have a lot in common in the genus
Lycoris
, but there are some differences among species, which can provide valuable information for studies on interspecific relationship and further utilization.
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Spore Morphological Observation for Seven Species of Bartramiaceae in China
PEI Lin-Ying; JIA Yu; ZHAO Zun-Tian
2006, 28(05): 481-487.
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2813
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The spores of 7 species in Bartramiaceae from China were observed by light microscope (LM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The result shows that there are some differences among 7 species on the proximal face, the
exine ornamention and shape . By contrast , there are some similarity on size and thickness of exine. These observation will increase new information of spores for systematic analysis of Bartramiaceae .
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Karyotypic Study on Paeonia anomala (Paeoniaceae)
PAN Jin; ZHANG Da-Ming; WANG Chao; SANG Tao; PAN Kai-Yu; HONG De-Yuan
2006, 28(05): 488-492.
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(
2926
)
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This is the first report of the chromosome karyotype of
P. anomala
from the Altai populations. The populationssampled from the Altai region of Xinjiang , China , are diploid ( 2n = 10) , with the 2A type karyotype and the karyotypic
formula of 2n = 2x= 10 = 6m+ 2sm+ 2st . Based on karyotypic and asymmetric parameters, i . e ., mean arm ratio , ratioof longestshortest chromosomes (L1/Ln ) , coefficient of karyotypic overall asymmetry (CKOA) , it was found that therewas no apparent differentiation in karyotype features among all the three sections of the genus
Paeonia
, although someslight karyotypic differences were found between the woody section ( Sect.
Moutan
DC .) and the herbaceous sections(Sect .
Onaepia Lindley
and Sect.
Paeonia
) . The diploid status of the P . anomala populations , revealed in this study, implies that the species, assumed as interspecific hybridization origin , may add to the handful examples of homoploid hybridspeciation in angiosperms .
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Further Studies on the Natural History of Metasequoia
MA Jin-Shuang
2006, 28(05): 493-504.
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2584
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The lessons from the research work on the natural history, unfinished story of the discovery, and existed questions on protection of native tree of Metasequoia glyptostroboides are reviewed and discussed; and relative proposals on botanical history of China, including Metasequoia Museum, Collection History on the Chinese plants, and The East Asiatic Bibliography of Plant Taxonony and Systematics , are also presented.
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A Review of Mikania and the Impact of
M. micrantha
(Asteraceae) in Yunnan
DU Fan; YANG Yu-Ming; LI Jun-Qing; YIN Wu-Yuan
2006, 28(05): 505-508.
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3305
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Exotic invasive species have long been known to bring about serious damages to ecosystem, which has imposed great threats to national eco-safety . Since the late 1990s, ecological impacts caused by
Mikania micrantha
H . B . K .,
an invasive plant species, have become the focus of different walks of society . No existing literature on
M. micrantha
, however , relates anything concerning its distribution in Yunnan Province . Based on field investigations and taxonomic
study on the specimen collected in Kunming Institute of Botany, the authers identified two species of
Mikania
Wild in Yunnan , namely
M. cordata
and
M. micrantha
. The present research also depicts the impacts of
M. micrantha
in Dehong, a pefecture in Southwestern Yunnan . Considering the biological features of the species , the author predicts there are possibilities of spreading of the species in Dehong prefecture , and possibly diffusing over other areas with identical climate patterns as Dehong . In the wake of this , it is highly advised that government departments and relative research institutes
pay great attention to the problem and take effective measures to deal with situation .
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Studies on Character of Seed Germination of Rare Plant
Dipteronia dyeriana
OUYANG Zhi-Qin; SU Wen-Hua; ZHANG Guang-Fei
2006, 28(05): 509-514.
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3114
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The weight of a thousand seeds of
Dipteronia dyeriana
Henry from ex situ plants 2346 . 5 g is lighter than that of seeds from the wild plants 3255 . 6 g . TTC colouring seed vitality tests indicated that : 1 . in 25℃ water environment, 60 d seeds had no vitality; 2 . seeds 52% stored up in the wild for 180 d had vitality; 3 . seeds 58% stored up 510 d in pot had vitality; 24% seeds in room also had vitality; in 4℃ 96% seeds had vitality; in 15℃ 36% seeds had vitality; in 25℃ seeds had no vitality . In 6℃ , the germination rate of seed without testa was 98% in 5 months , while in constant temperature of 15℃、25℃、30℃ and in condition of changing temperature had no seed germination . Low temperature ( 6℃ ) was the most suitable temperature for the germination of
D. dyeriana
. No light needed for seed germination . Sowing in the wild , there were 17. 2% seeds germinated after a winter and 58% seeds germinated after two winters and one summer in pot . Its own seed character of
D. dyeriana
was one of the main factors causing the extinction of the species .
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Developmental Changes in Relation to Desiccation Tolerance of
Archontophoenix alexandrae
(Palmae) Seeds
SHAO Yu-Tao; YIN Shou-Hua; LAN Qin-Ying; ZHANG Xiao-Yan
2006, 28(05): 515-522.
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3004
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Germination of
Archontophoenix alexandrae
seeds and embryos were studied under gradient water content treatments throughout the seed development phases of maturation in 2005 to investigate seed desiccation tolerance and storage characteristics. During the maturation process, seed water content decreased gradually from55 DAF (days after flowering) to 70 DAF, and seeds reached the maximum dry-weight at 90 DAF. Seed germinability appeared after 60 DAF. Seeds germinated with a temperature range from15℃- 40℃ under alternating photoperiod (14 h light, 10 h dark, 12μmol m
- 2
s
- 1
), while the best germination percentage was obtained between 30℃- 35℃. A maximum germination capacity reached at 70 DAF. However, seed germination was greatly inhibited by light. Desiccation tolerance of seeds and embryos increased
gradually from 55 DAF to 90 DAF and reached the maximum at 90 DAF with a semilethal water content of 0.18 g/g ( seed) and 0.3 g/g ( embryo) respectively. Rapid dehydration maintained higher seed germination percentage than that
of slow dehydration when drying to the same water content. Seeds with without water content treatments failed to germinate after 1 month storage under - 18℃, whereas appropriate desiccation treatment prolonged seed longevity under 4℃, 10℃ and 15℃ storage temperatures. It revealed obviously the recalcitrant characteristics of
Archontophoenix alexandrae
seed
s torage behaviour which are tolerant toward neither deep desiccation nor low temperatures.
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The Effects of Aluminium on the Seed Germination and Seedling Growth in
Hibiscus moscheutos
(Malvaceae) and Wheat (
Triticum aestivaum
, Gramineae)
SUN Dong-Hua; TIAN Qiu-Ying; ZHANG Wen-Hao
2006, 28(05): 523-528.
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3027
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The effects of AlCl
3
on
Hibisucs moscheutos
seed germination and growth were investigated to evaluate its hardiness to Aluminum (Al), in compassion with Carazinho, a wheat genotype tolerant to Al, and Egret, agenotype sensitive
to Al . For
H. moscheutos
and two wheat genotypes, our results indicated that germination was insensitive to AlCl
3
until at 500μmol/L. AlCl
3
of 50μmol/L inhibited the elongation of primary and lateral roots significantly, but had less effect on the number of lateral roots. There was no difference of root elongation between the
H. moscheutos
and wheat, but the lateral roots of
H. moscheutos
were more tolerant to Al than that of wheat genotypes. Under AlCl
3
of 50μmol/L, the reduction of root biomass was significant in wheat genotypes, but not in
H. moscheutos
, comparing to their control, suggesting that
H. moscheutos
is more tolerant to Al than the two wheat genotypes, and that Al has different effects on the growth of primary and lateral roots in both
H. moscheutos
and wheat .
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New Variation Identified by SSR in a Wheat Variety Derived from Synthetic Hexaploid Wheat (
Triticum durum
×
Aegilops tauschii
)
LI Jun; WEI Hui-Ting; PENG Zheng-Song; LU Bao-Rong; YANG Wu-Yun
2006, 28(05): 529-533.
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2958
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Hybridization and polyploidization are important ways for wheat to evolve and to genetically differentiate. Ninety two simple sequence repeat (SSR) molecular markers, which distributed in A, B, and D genomes , were used to perform genetic comparison between Chuan-W5436 (CW5436), a new wheat variety, and its parents, synthetic hexaploid wheat Syn786 (♀ ) and common wheat Mianyang 26 (My26) (♂). The results indicated that alleles were not genetically transmitted from parents (Syn786 (♀) crossed (My26) (♂) ) to the progeny CW5436 as Mendelian proportions . A new variation on a SSR molecular marker loci with novel additive bands was observed in CW5436 but not found in its parents. It suggested that artificial selective stress was an important factor to promote the frequency of significant deviations of the expected allele, resulting in microsatellite sequences of the progeny changed . The affect of the genetic differentiation of SSR molecular marker loci that occurred in wheat crosses and gene transfer on the genetic evolu1tion of wheat was discussed.
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Ethnopharmacological Survey of Plants Used for the Treatment of Stomach, Diabetes, and Ophthalmic Diseases in Sudhan Gali , Kashmir , Pakistan
Muhammad Waseem; M.Amin Ullah Shah; Rizwana Aleem Qureshi; Iqbal Muhammad; Rabia Afza; Saeeda Yousaf
2006, 28(05): 535-542.
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The present paper represents the ethnopharmacological survey of Sudhan Gali, Kashmir, Pakistan. The study revealed that 12 plant species belonging to 11 families were used for the treatment of stomach, diabetes and ophthalmic diseases by the local people in Sudhan Gali.
Achillea millefolium
,
Aconitum heterophyllum
,
Berberis lycium
,
Polygonum amplexicaule
,
Mentha longifolia
,
Paeonia emodi
,
Plantago lanceolata
were locally used for stomach related problems treatment;
Berberis lycium
,
Skimmia lareola
,
Solanum dulcamara
for diabetes and
Geranium wallichianum
,
Artemisia vulgaris
,
Solanum dulcamara
, and
Corydalis crassifolia
used for the treatment of ophthalmic diseases. Two species
Berberis lycium
and
Solanum dulcamara
have multipurpose value. Former is used to treat stomach as well as diabetes while latter is used to treat not only to diabetes but also ophthalmic diseases. According to IUCN categories , out of these 12 plant species collected and marketed, Polygonum amplexicaule and Paeonia emodi are endangered, Aconitum heterophyllum; Berberis lycium species are vulnerable while Plantago lanceolata and Skimmia lareola species are rare.
The availability of these medicinal plants has decreased during the past 20 years and these are facing a drastic biotic pressure due to their extensive usage and non-scientific methods of collection. It is quite evident that these valuable native medicinal plants species are going to decline in number and ultimately will become extinct if no timely proper conservation strategies are adopted.
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Carbonic Anhydrase Ⅱ : Structures , Functions and Inhibitors
ZENG Guang-Zhi; HUANG Huo-Qiang; TAN Ning-Hua; JI Chang-Jiu; PAN Xu-Lin
2006, 28(05): 543-552.
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3205
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Human carbonic anhydrase Ⅱ is one of the most efficient one in carbonic anhydrase isozymes, which catalyzes the reversible hydration dehydration of CO2 and water : CO
2
+ H
2
O\ HCO
3
-
+ H
+
. It is found in virtually every tissue
and cell type, and involves in many human physiological and pathological processes, such as human acid-base balance, glaucoma, osteoporosis, and cancer. Since discovered in 1940, carbonic anhydrase Ⅱ has been an important drug target with more attention. Up to now, many inhibitors were discovered including some clinical therapeutic drugs. This paper reviewed recent developments in structures, functions and inhibitors of human carbonic anhydrase Ⅱ.
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Chemical Constituents of
Pedicularis tricolor
(Scrophulariaceae)
YANG Li-Rong; XIONG Jiang; TAN Ning-Hua; CHU Hong-Biao; XU Li; LI Ming-Yang
2006, 28(05): 553-557.
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3097
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To search for new bioactive constituents from
Pedicularis tricolor
, a new xanthone named pedicutricone A (1)and a new iridoid named pedicutricoside A (2), along with fifteen known compounds, were isolated from the ethanol extracts of the whole plants of P. tricolor for the first time. Their structures were elucidated based on spectroscopic methods, including two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance analysis.
