In this paper, 16 samples of Amomum tsao-ko Crevost et Lemairs from Yunnan Pronvince were studied. The essential oil yield of dried fruit, leaf and stem were determined. The essential oil yield of the dry fruit, leaf and stem are about 1.56%- 1.74%, and 0.085%- 0.11 %, respectively. 80 kinds of chemical constituents were identified from their essential oil, among them, 1,8-cineo1, 2-decenal, β-pinene, citral, geraniol, trans-2-undecenal are main constituents.

From the seeds of Vaccaria Segtalis, a well-known traditional Chinese medicine named "wang bu liu xing", four cyclopeptides vaccarins A-D were isolated in which only vaccarin A is a new cyclopeptide. Their structures were elucidated by spectral and chemical methods as vaccarin A—— cyclo--(Trp-Ala -Gly- Val- Ala vaccarin B ——- cyclo--Pro-Gly- Leu Ser-Phe- Ala--Phe), vaccarin C——cyclo-(Pro --Gly- Tyr- Val-Pro-Leu-Trp),ccarin D- rtyclo-(Pro-Val-Trp-Ala-Gly-Val).

Three ginger oils obtained from different extraction methods were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively by GC / MS. 46, 50, 61 compounds were identified respectively in these three oils. The main components and contents of each oil are obviously different. The main components of the steam distilled oil are monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, the pungency components of ginger have not been found.Besides sesquiterpene, the other two oils contain mainly the pungency compo-nents, the total content is 18.61 % in the cold pressed ginger oil, and 23.09% in the supercritical CO2 extracted ginger oil, respectively. These two oils preserved the typical spicy odor and pungency of ginger.

The paper clarified that date of establishment of Ranunculus membranaceus Royle is 1834. The recognition of the date make it unnecessary to change the name or to forward a propo-sal to conserve the name.

Over the past ten years, 59 pair different combination of the genus Rhododendron were studied in Kunming Botanical Garden. The result shows that (1) diploid species x diploid species shows good affinity, the rate of fruit is 37.5%--100%, (2) it has not affinity if diploid species x polyploid species, (3) it shows good affinity if the parents from same subgenus and same group even the parents belong to different subsection, (4) they are markedly sterile if the parents belong to different subgenus.

Two new ent-kaurenoids, rosthornin C and D, with rosthornin A and B, have been iso- lated from the ethereal extract of the leaves of Rabdosia rosthornii. The chemical structures of the two minor constituents have been established as entu-11α-acetoxy 7β,13β, l9-trihydroxykaur-16-en - l5- one (1 ) and ent- llα-acetoxy-7β, 12β, l4α-trihydroxykaur- 16-en- 15-one (2). respectively, on the basis of detailed spectroscopic analysis, including 2D NMR data.

Allozyme genetic variability in 9 populations of Castanea molltaima was investigated using starch gel electrophoresis at 12 loci coding for 11 enzyme systems. The level of genetic polymorphismand population differentiation was greater in C mollissima than was usual for an outbreeding species, with the proportion of polymorphic loci (P) 71 .3 %, average number of alleles (A) 2.27, average expected heterozygosity (He) 0.346. About 89.3% of the total genetic variation was partitioned within populations. The Nei's genetic distance ranged from 0.010- 0. 177. Excep;for these, a principal components analysis of the data based on allelic frequencies revealed a spa-tial pattern of genetic variability in Chinese chestnut and provide some data about selecting enzyme marker. Based on previous research, the effect of artificial selection on the genetic diversi-ty of C. mollissima was also studied and it could be inferred that the southwest area of China was the possible center of the genetic diversity.

Floral primordia formed on the surface of the transitional region between cotyledonary blade and petiole of cucumis in 2~ 5 days on in vitro cultivation. After further development of 2~3 days, there appeared a whorl of secondary prominences on the surface of floral primordia, which indicated that the formation of sepal primordia. Supplementing with kinetin (KT) in the medium, the floral primordial formation and differentiation were promoted and the floral bud formation also improved.

The callose appears in the early meiotic prophase in microspore mother cell walls, and deposite no directive. At early tetrad stage callose wall reach the thickest, and begin to disappear at late tetrad stage. Microspore begin to synthesis and depositon callose wall at tetrad phase. At spore-release phase the callose fluorescence is strong. It decline at mid-vacuolate phase, and dis-appear at pre-mitosis. Callose wall is occurs in the generative cell wall. The formation of callose in the walls during megasporogenesis is similar that in microsporogenesis. It appears in the early meiotic prophase. but there is a markly polarity, always first appear in wall of the chalazal part. At triads stage. callose occurs in the transverse wall, and no in sidewalls. Callose fluorescence de-creasc staiting from the chalazal end of functional megaspore, and disappear at late uninuclear embryo sac phase.

The antiviral protein gene was amplified from genomic DNA of Phytolacca americana by polymerase chain reaction. After cloning into BamHI sites of pGEM- T, the fragment was subcloned into pUC18 and then sequenced on Pharmada A. L. F auto-sequencer. The results in-dicated that the cloned fragment contained 885 nucleotides, and shared a sequence homology of 99.3% with that of the reported.

The Pollen grains of 10 cultivars of Mangifera indica were examined by light micro- scope (LM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Their shapes, sizes and exine sculptures were compared. The result showed that the pollen shapes and exine sculptures among cultivars are different in varying degrees, which can be used to differentiate various cultivars. Sannianmang, Yuanjian xiangya, Hubaoya, Hongxiangya, Maqiesu, Yexiangmang, Daqingpi and Huangpi-datoumang are similar in exine sculpture, which shows these cultivars have close rela-tionship. Sankelimang has different exine sculpture from above cativars. Huongguang No.6' sculp-ture is between Sankelimang and the above eight cultivars.

In this paper, chromosome numbers and karyotypes of five species of Adenophora are reported for the first time. The species under study are native to China. The results are as follows: 2n= 34= 28m+4sm(2sat)+2st(2sat) for A. borealis; 2n= 34= 26m(4sat)+6sm+2st or 2n = 34+1 B = 26m (4as t)+6 sm+2 st+ 1B for A. w ulingshanica; 2n = 34 = 26m (2sat)+6sm+2st or 2n = 34+1B = 26m (2 sat)+6 sm +2 st+ 1B for A. petiolata, 2n = 34 = 26m+4sm (2 sat)+4 st or 2n= 34+2B = 26m+4st(2sat)+4st+2B for A. lobophylla; 2n= 34= 28m(2sat)+4sm+2st for A. potaninii. The karyotypes of these species are consistent with those of the species previously re-ported. The chromosomes are small, with the majority of them being "m" ones; and a pair of sat-chromosomes and a pair of " st" chromosomes are always present. The centromeric terminalization value of chromosomes is 58.4%~ 62.0%, which shows high symmetry of karyotpyes in this genus. The special karyotype of A.lobophylla. together with its morphological characters, suggests that it is more advanced than the other species and its position is dicussed.

In the paper, the archinecture of leaves and their possible ecological significance of 82 dominant and common species from the semi-humid forest occurring in C.Yunnan were stu-died. The characters of 82 species were presented as follows: most species are with simple leaves, in which the serrate types are a little more than intergrifolius and the glabrous types are a little equal to trichomes, venation pinnate, secondary veins brochidodromous often with ascending arches and Joining super adjacent secondary and enclosed by 3 or 4 arches. The angles between main vein and secondary veins are acute, and the divergence of the angles is often nearly uniform; Tertiary veins most are reticulate. The areoles often develope perfectly and embedded veins almost are inconspicuous or absent.

Species E. schensiano affinis, sed costis longitudine 1 /4~l / 3 laminarum partes aequantibus,exostomii dentibus extra a mediis ad bases verruculosis. aliquando strioIatis indistinctis, endostomii processis dentibus brevioribus differt.

Species affinis A. costulari Bak., sed stipite et rhachi ebenea, laminis dimorphis.Tota planta 2~4 m alta. Caulis singularis, apex frondibus fasciculatis. Stipes l~l.5 m longus, ebeneus,spinis et paleis dense vestitus; paleae lanceolatae 3~4 cm 1ongae 2 mm latae, medio brunneis marginibus brunneolis irregularibus. Lamina tripinnata 2~ 3 m longa l~l.8 m lata. Pinnae 50~90 cm longae l5~20cm latae. Pinnulae 8~l0 cm longae. Ultimae pinnulae sessiles, steriles l~l.2 cm longae 4~5 mm latae, fer-tiles 6~7 mm longae l~2 mm latae. Rhachis et pinna rhachis ebenea. Costae supra albidis pilis dense vestitae, infra paleis ovatis brunneis marginibus serratis. Indusio parvo membranaceo deciduo.

Two new record species,Oxyspora cernua(Roxb.)Triana and Hibuscus fragrans Roxb. were found in Yalu Tsangpo gorge of Motuo,China.

While preparing a contribution of the oaks of China for the Second International Oak Conference and for the book Oak of the World (in preparation by Guy Sternberg et al.), some problems were found in Chinese taxonomic literature. Some confusion had been caused by these mistakes. The nomenclatures of five oaks is corrected in this paper. For each oak, the correct name and authority is given, followed by pre-vious(invalid ) names.

Species nova affinis A. pelero Tsai et Yu, sed stipulis trianguli-lanceolatis 2~ 3 mm longis; foliolis su-per glabris; bracteis c. l.5 mm longis, calycibus c. 2.5 mm longis, vexillo 6.5~7 mm longo, alis c. 5 mm longis. l.5 mm latis, unguibus tantum l.8 mm longis, carinis c. 4 mm longis, unguibus tantum l.8 mm 1ongis differt.

A typo inflorescentiarum pedunculis longioribus,ad 5 cm longis, fructibus subellipsoideis, mucronatibus,conspicue majoribus, 2 cm longis, fructuum pedicellis longioribus differt.

The genus Rhytachne Desvaux is a newrecord to the Chinese flora. One of the writers proposes 2 new species, Rhytachne lijiangensis B. S. Sun and Rh. anisonodis B. S. Sun, described both in Latin and Eng1ish.

This paper gives a comprehensive report of the research results about Acanthochlamys P. C. Kao. It reveals that Acanthochlamys P. C. Kao possesses in anatomy, embryology, cytology and palynology many special characters, which are original, evolutionary or transitional. The vegetative and reproductive organs of Acanthochlamys P. C. Kao have some features related with Ranunculales of Dicotyledoneae. These characters show that Acanthochlamys P. C. Kao is differ-ent from other monocotyledons families and very particular in Chinese Spermatophytic Flora. Therefore, the author separated it from Amaryllidaceae and proposed a new family——Acanthochlamydaceae P. C. Kao in 1989. Systematically.

The mid-montane humid evergreen broad-leaved forest is the most characteristic type of vegetation in the altitudinal zone of the Mt. Wuliangshan. Based on the analysis of the disposi- tion in vertical structure of 231 dominant and frequent species in the forest, it can be shown that there only are Tropical Asia, Sino-Himalayan and Chinese endemic elements penetrating all the synusiae from the canopy to the field layer, including A, B tree layers, shrub layer and so on. It is probably shown that it is floristically subtropical in the forest rather than temperate according to a thorough analysis of the distributions of these Chinese endemic species. Although there is similari-ty in many respects between this forest and the similar types of vegetation in Yunnan, there is roughly a set of species dominant in every mountain, they can be distinguished in the light of dif-ferent trees of Lithocarpus and there are various compositions of other main companions and companions between them.

The analytic biogeographic methods, including the Component analysis, Cluster analy-sis and Minimum Spanning Tree, are employed to treat the area relationships of the genus Caragana. The distribution region of Caragana is divided into thirteen areal types according to the floristic regionalizations of Wu and Takhtajan. Seventy-two species and twelve series occurring in the areas are regarded as disribution characters. East Asia and Tethys are classified into two groups. The former includes Far East- Northeast China, North China- Qinling mountain, Hengduan mountain, Himalayas and East Asia subtropic areas, in addition to Mongolia plateau. The two areas, i.e. Far East-Northeast China and Altai-Sayan have a close relationship. Based on the area cladograms, the evolutionary directions of the areas may be considered from Far East -Northeast China in East Asia and from Altai-Sayan in other areas.