Eight essential oils from Citrus bergamia Risso & Poit., Citrus limon L., Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck, Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck, Citrus reticulata Blanco, Citrus medica L. leaves and fruits were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively by means of GC / MS. Their chemical constituents have been identified. Because of the different constitutents and contents, the odour of the essential oils possessed different characteristics. Moreover, this paper discussed the influence on the quality and the odour from the terpenes group, the carevol and carvone group, citronellal, menthadienol group, and provid-ed the scientific bases for the application of Citrus medica and Citrus grandis oils.

A trypsin inhibitor named AMTI has been isolated and purified from the rhizome of Alocasia macrorrhiza by a procedure including affinity chromatography on trypsina- Sepharose 4B and gel filtration with Sephadex G-100. This inhibitor was homogeneous on PAGE, SDS-PAGE, IEF and Western blot. It appeared as a single band of about 22 000 dalton on SDS-PAGE. The isoelectric fo- cusing(IEF) showed that its PI was about 6.2. lts inhibitory activity to trypsin indicated that AMTI was a single headed inhibitor. This inhibitor was stable against heat and pH.

A quantitative analysis of 20-hydroxyecdysone was carried out by HPLC for Cyanotis arachnoidea and 13 other species of Commeliaceae, which were distributed in Yunnan and be- longed to three tribes and ten gerena. The results showed that most species contained 20-hydroxyecdysone in trace, so it did not have any chemotaxonomic importance to Family Commeliaceae. The dynamic variation of 20-hydroxyecdysone in different collecting places and seasons of C.arachnothea was also analysed. It is noticed that the contcnt variation of 20-hydroxycdysone in both overground and underground parts of the annual planting of C. arachnothea are interrelated with that of the visit by butterflies.

Hairy root cultures of Coleus for skohlii Briq. were established from intact plant or explants of roots, stems and leaves by infecting with Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain pRi 15834. Transformation was confirmed by paper electrophoresis with mannopine detection. These cultures displayed the typical characteristics of hairy roots. All examined roots formed labdane diterpenoids. Three main identified diterpenoids were forskolin, l,9-dideoxyforskolin and coleol which were measured quantitatively. MS medium favours forskolin and coleol formation, and B5 medium enhances 1,9-dideoxyforskolin formation.

The main types of degraded ecosystems existed in Southern Yunnan of China and the neighbouring countries as Laos and Myanma are as follows f (1) different man-made ecosystems; (2) various secondary ecosystems and (3) different sizes of fragmental forest etc. In degraded ecosystems, the size of biodiversity loss directly relates with the strength, frequency and temporal lasting of human interference. And in fragmental tropical rainforest, the loss of biodiversity is in-creasing with the increasing strength and temporal lasting of environmental change. Even in the big area of tropical rainforest, biodiversity is reduced as well. Dealing with very complex aspects of social.

The present paper deals with the karyotype analyses of Thup Plicata, T. occidentalis and Calocedrus decurrens. The karyotype formulas of the species are K(2n)= 22= 16m +6sm(2SAT), 20m(2SAT)+2sm and 20m(2SAT)+2sm respectively. The karyotype of T.plicata is reported for the first time. The comparison among the karyotypes of 10 genera in Thujoideae (Ta- ble 2, Fig.2) shows that the genera in the Southern Hemisphere (including Callitris, Aclinostrobus, Libocedrus, Microbiota and Widdringtonia) and Tetraclinis and Platycladus in the Northern Hemi- sphere may be the most primitive, Thuppsis and Thup the most advanced, and Calocedrus inter- mediate. The paper also discusses the classificatory positions of Calocedrus, Platycladus and the southern genera.

The genus Whytockia W. W. Smith, mainly characterized by anisophylly, bilocular ovary with axi1e placentation and ebracteate pair-flowered cymes, is considered as the most primitive representative of the relict tribe Klugieae(Weber, 1982). Obviously, it is an ancient relic of the stock from which the other genera of Klugieae have evolved. But the origin and the ancestral group of its own is left unknown. An anamorphosis in the ontogeny of gynoecium found in Whytockia seems significant in explaining the origin of the gynoecium in Whytockia.

The genus Notopterygium is endemic to China. The plants are distinguished by its root with a special smell and the fruiting ribs which are conspicuous and with narrow wings. This genus hasn't yet been thoroughly studied since it was established by H.de. Boissieu in 1903. In the present paper, the taxonomic history is briefly reviewed, the external morphology, pollen morphology,type of stomata, the anatomical characteristic of petioles and fruits, geographic distribution are observed. Its systematic position and evolution are discussed. In addition, a key to the 4 species and 1 variety of the genus is provided.

The present paper reports the detailed examination of foliarepidermis, such as the shape of cells, types of stomatal apparatuses and cuticular membrane of 5 species 2 varieties in Physalis and 2 species in related genera, i. e., Capsicum annuum L. and Tubocapsicum anomalum(Franch. et Sav.) Makino by using light microscope (LM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). It also presents studies on their seed coats by using SEM. The results indicate that there are no remarkable difference in the foliar epidermal features in the three genera. The stomatal apparatuses are constantly recognized as an anomocytic type in the three genera. Therefore, the character of the stomatal apparatus type has no value for the determination of the three genera.

The genus Orthodontium of the family Bryaceae is newly reported from Yunnan, China. The O. bilimbatum X. J. Li et D. C. Zhang as a new species, found in the Mt. Meilixueshan, Northwestern Yunnan, China, is described in Latin and illustrated in this paper. It is of main characteristices of (1) the double peristomes being not in well-development, (2) bistratose leaf borders, consisting of 2- 3 rows of elongate-linear thick-walled cells which occur on all leaf margins except for the apices and proximal bases, (3) the cells in middle of leaf 60~ l00 um long and l8~ 24 um wide, (4) opercule short conical without beak on it. The characteristics of the new species are between genera of the Orthodontium and Orthodontopsis. With double peristomes as an important character of Orthodontium on taxonomy, the new taxon should be classified into the genus. In addition, 2, 3 and 4 characters men- tioned above are special in this genus, so a new Section Bilimbatumis proposed. The specics as a holotype of the new section is deposited in Cryptogamic Herbarium, Kunming Institute of Botany,Academia Sinica(HKAS).

Species nova proxima P. minori Liu, sed fo1iis anguste lanceolatis ad 4, synanthiis; inflorescentia pendula; floribus ad 4 cm diam., sepalo intermedio et petalis spathulatis; labello purpureo-rubro, lobo intermedio apice undulato, flavo-maculato; ovario cum pedicello longiore ad 4 cm longo distincta.

Herbae parvae atrovirides. Rhizomata nunc brevia nunc longa, radicibus numerosis carnosis fasiculatis et stolone reproductivo vegetativo praedita. Caules simplices non vel aliquot foliati. Flores caerulei,purpuracei vel raro albi, petalis exterioribus alto-cristatis, calcaribus lamina conspicue brevioribus,stigmatibus subcordatis apice leviter bilobatis obscure 6-papillatis basi paulo decurrentibus. Capsulae lanceolatae ab apicis pedicellorum renexae vel descendentes.

Species nova A. concavae (Wall.) A. Juss. affinis, sed ramilis, foliis, inflorescentiisque glabris, foliis ovatis, samaris minoribus, vix l ~ l.2 cm diometro, alis membranaceis, eburneis differt.

According to preliminary statistics, there are 26 276~27 268 species in 3 200 genera of 337 families (among them 191 ~l95 species in 36 genera of 10 families belong to Gymnospermae, 4 493~4 661 species in 679 genera of 57 families belong to Monocotyledoneae) in China. In order to provide elementary data for the intensive floristic study from China, the areal~types, arrange- ment in sequence from big to small, endemism of the families, genera and species in seed plants from China are displayed and analysed respectively. Moreover, various floristic or concrete re-gions are compared at the species level in this paper.

Based on the checklist of seed plants (comprising 2540 species in 1026 genera, 207 fami-lies) gained after a careful taxonomical treatment of all the materials, the paper has reported the initial results of the composition of the flora of seed plants in Mt. Wuliangshan which is located in the south-central part of Yunnan province, and has made exhaustive statistics of the distributions of all the genera with different areal-types at major height a.s.l. The height a.s.l.at which the two basic floristic elements, the temperate and the tropical, maintain their equilibrium(each has 50% of the total) is called floristic equilibrium point(FEP). From a historical point of view, the point probably reflects the development of the noristic elements of seed plants in Mt. wuliangshan with the change of natural history; from the other point of view, it maybe indicates the transitional character of this flora and it suggests that there in fact is a floristic equilibrium line in the subtropical areas in China. Moreover, it is an important limit to the tropical elements. On the oth-er hand, it may be regarded as a useful reference index for the introduction of plants and deciding the physically training base for acclimatization.