关键词: 管花植物, 发育, 模式, 欧亚大陆, 北部

Abstract: Many papers have been written about evolution and phylogeny of organisms.Very often missing informations have stimulated more or less probable hypotheses.But extensive phlogenetic surverys of genera or even of families still are very seldom.That may derive from the fact.that especially in plnat phyla fossil traditions over more extent geological periods are very rare;in other words:within higher plants they can be characterized as exceptions.

Key words: Phylogenetic