Revision of Senegalia in China, and notes on introduced species of Acacia, Acaciella, Senegalia and Vachellia (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae)

doi:10.1016/j.pld.2019.09.001

Abstract

Abstract: The present work represents the first comprehensive taxonomic revision of Acacia sens. lat. (Leguminosae:Mimosoideae) in China, focusing on the indigenous species. Critical reassessments of specimens and re-definition of previously recorded species have resulted in recognising 21 indigenous species under Senegalia, a segregate of the former Acacia sens. lat. Detailed botanical profiles are provided for these species, together with a diagnostic line drawing and distribution map; photographs of living plants are provided for more than half the species. Terser treatments are also provided for the 15 species from four genera that are regarded as major introductions of Acacia sens. lat. to the country:Acacia Mill. (12 spp.), Acaciella Britton & Rose (1 sp.), Senegalia Raf. (1 sp.) and Vachellia Wight & Arn. (1 sp.). An identification key to all Acacia sens. lat. species in China is provided.
The indigenous species of Senegalia in China belong to sect. Monacanthea (Vassal) Maslin, comb. nov., and the introduced ones to sect. Senegalia.
As a consequence of this study, the number of Senegalia species now recognised for China has almost doubled. Six new species are described:Senegalia clandestina Maslin, B.C.Ho, H.Sun & L.Bai, sp. nov.; Senegalia guangdongensis Maslin, B.C.Ho, H.Sun & L.Bai, sp. nov.; Senegalia obliqua Maslin, B.C.Ho, H.Sun & L.Bai, sp. nov.; Senegalia orientalis Maslin, B.C.Ho, H.Sun & L.Bai, sp. nov.; Senegalia prominens Maslin, B.C.Ho, H.Sun & L.Bai, sp. nov.; Senegalia stipitata Maslin, B.C.Ho, H.Sun & L.Bai, sp. nov. Four new combinations are established:Senegalia garrettii (I.C.Nielsen) Maslin, B.C.Ho, H.Sun & L.Bai, comb. & stat. nov.; Senegalia kerrii (I.C.Nielsen) Maslin, B.C.Ho, H.Sun & L.Bai, comb. & stat. nov.; Senegalia kunmingensis (C.Chen & H.Sun) Maslin, B.C.Ho, H.Sun & L.Bai, comb. & stat. nov.; Senegalia macrocephala (Lace) Maslin, B.C.Ho, H.Sun & L.Bai, comb. nov. Senegalia andamanica (I.C.Nielsen) Maslin, Seigler & Ebinger and S. macrocephala are new records for China.
A lectotype is designated for Acacia teniana Harms and 2nd step lectotypifications effected for Acacia delavayi Franch., Acacia insuavis Lace, Acacia pruinescens Kurz and Acacia yunnanensis Franch. Former holotype citations are corrected to lectotype for Acacia hainanensis Hayata, Acacia macrocephala Lace, Acacia oxyphylla Graham ex Benth. and Acacia philippinarum Benth. A neotype is designated for Acacia arrophula D.Don.
China is a principal area of species-richness for Senegalia in Asia. Senegalia displays a high degree of endemism within China and almost half the species are endemic or near-endemic, with Yunnan the most species-rich and species-diverse Province.

Key words: Acacia, Acaciella, Senegalia, Vachellia, Taxonomy, China

Bruce R. Maslin, Boon Chuan Ho, Hang Sun, Lin Bai. Revision of Senegalia in China, and notes on introduced species of Acacia, Acaciella, Senegalia and Vachellia (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae)[J]. Plant Diversity, 2019, 41(06): 353-480.

Figures/Tables 8

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生态系统 Ecosystem	入侵植物物种 Invasive plant species	总数 Total
农田 Farmland	喜旱莲子草 Alternanthera philoxeroides, 飞机草 Chromolaena odorata, 苏门白酒草 Conyza sumatrensis, 凤眼蓝 Eichhornia crassipes, 马缨丹 Lantana camara, 含羞草 Mimosa pudica, 假臭草 Praxelis clematidea, 假高粱 Pseudosorghum fasciculare, 银胶菊 Parthenium hystero, 三裂叶蟛蜞菊 Wedelia trilobata	10
弃耕地 Abandoned land	喜旱莲子草 Alternanthera philoxeroides, 飞机草 Chromolaena odorata, 苏门白酒草 Conyza sumatrensis, 马缨丹 Lantana camara, 微甘菊 Mikania micrantha, 含羞草 Mimosa pudica, 假臭草 Praxelis clematidea, 假高粱 Pseudosorghum fasciculare, 银胶菊 Parthenium hystero, 三裂叶蟛蜞菊 Wedelia trilobata	10
种植园 Plantation	飞机草 Chromolaena odorata, 苏门白酒草 Conyza sumatrensis, 马缨丹 Lantana camara, 微甘菊 Mikania micrantha, 含羞草 Mimosa pudica, 假臭草 Praxelis clematidea, 三裂叶蟛蜞菊 Wedelia trilobata	7
林缘 Forest edge	飞机草 Chromolaena odorata, 苏门白酒草 Conyza sumatrensis, 马缨丹 Lantana camara, 含羞草 Mimosa pudica, 假臭草 Praxelis clematidea, 三裂叶蟛蜞菊 Wedelia trilobata	6
村落 Village	喜旱莲子草 Alternanthera philoxeroides, 飞机草 Chromolaena odorata, 苏门白酒草 Conyza sumatrensis, 凤眼蓝 Eichhornia crassipes, 马缨丹 Lantana camara, 含羞草 Mimosa pudica, 假臭草 Praxelis clematidea, 假高粱 Pseudosorghum fasciculare, 银胶菊 Parthenium hystero, 三裂叶蟛蜞菊 Wedelia trilobata	10
草地 Grassland	喜旱莲子草 Alternanthera philoxeroides, 飞机草 Chromolaena odorata, 苏门白酒草 Conyza sumatrensis, 马缨丹 Lantana camara, 含羞草 Mimosa pudica, 假臭草 Praxelis clematidea, 三裂叶蟛蜞菊 Wedelia trilobata	7
次生林 Secondary forest	无 None	0

生态系统 Ecosystem	入侵植物物种 Invasive plant species	总数 Total
农田 Farmland	喜旱莲子草 Alternanthera philoxeroides, 飞机草 Chromolaena odorata, 苏门白酒草 Conyza sumatrensis, 凤眼蓝 Eichhornia crassipes, 马缨丹 Lantana camara, 含羞草 Mimosa pudica, 假臭草 Praxelis clematidea, 假高粱 Pseudosorghum fasciculare, 银胶菊 Parthenium hystero, 三裂叶蟛蜞菊 Wedelia trilobata	10
弃耕地 Abandoned land	喜旱莲子草 Alternanthera philoxeroides, 飞机草 Chromolaena odorata, 苏门白酒草 Conyza sumatrensis, 马缨丹 Lantana camara, 微甘菊 Mikania micrantha, 含羞草 Mimosa pudica, 假臭草 Praxelis clematidea, 假高粱 Pseudosorghum fasciculare, 银胶菊 Parthenium hystero, 三裂叶蟛蜞菊 Wedelia trilobata	10
种植园 Plantation	飞机草 Chromolaena odorata, 苏门白酒草 Conyza sumatrensis, 马缨丹 Lantana camara, 微甘菊 Mikania micrantha, 含羞草 Mimosa pudica, 假臭草 Praxelis clematidea, 三裂叶蟛蜞菊 Wedelia trilobata	7
林缘 Forest edge	飞机草 Chromolaena odorata, 苏门白酒草 Conyza sumatrensis, 马缨丹 Lantana camara, 含羞草 Mimosa pudica, 假臭草 Praxelis clematidea, 三裂叶蟛蜞菊 Wedelia trilobata	6
村落 Village	喜旱莲子草 Alternanthera philoxeroides, 飞机草 Chromolaena odorata, 苏门白酒草 Conyza sumatrensis, 凤眼蓝 Eichhornia crassipes, 马缨丹 Lantana camara, 含羞草 Mimosa pudica, 假臭草 Praxelis clematidea, 假高粱 Pseudosorghum fasciculare, 银胶菊 Parthenium hystero, 三裂叶蟛蜞菊 Wedelia trilobata	10
草地 Grassland	喜旱莲子草 Alternanthera philoxeroides, 飞机草 Chromolaena odorata, 苏门白酒草 Conyza sumatrensis, 马缨丹 Lantana camara, 含羞草 Mimosa pudica, 假臭草 Praxelis clematidea, 三裂叶蟛蜞菊 Wedelia trilobata	7
次生林 Secondary forest	无 None	0

入侵植物 Invasive plant species	植物入侵频率 Frequency of plants invasions
入侵植物 Invasive plant species	弃耕地 Abandoned land	种植园 Plantation	村落 Village	林缘 Forest edge	农田 Farmland	草地 Grassland
假臭草 Praxelis clematidea	0.709 ± 0.519^a	0.946 ± 0.472^a	0.485 ± 0.298^b	0.556 ± 0.529^bc	0.790 ± 0.451^bc	0.685 ± 0.218^b
含羞草 Mimosa pudica	0.502 ± 0.407^a	0.331 ± 0.357^a	0.274 ± 0.351^ab	0.204 ± 0.430^a	0.592 ± 0.455^c	0.474 ± 0.250^ab
飞机草 Chromolaena odorata	0.749 ± 0.493^a	0.701 ± 0.465^a	0.628 ± 0.326^a	0.556 ± 0.529^a	0.733 ± 0.459^a	0.771 ± 0.226^a
苏门白酒草 Conyza sumatrensis	0.273 ± 0.431^a	0.339 ± 0.443^a	0.291 ± 0.394^a	0.186 ± 0.347^a	0.355 ± 0.527^a	0.191 ± 0.094^a
假高粱 Pseudosorghum fasciculare	0.118 ± 0.211^a	-	0.112 ± 0.185^a	-	0.051 ± 0.125^a	-
马缨丹 Lantana camara	0.118 ± 0.211^a	0.025 ± 0.092^a	0.112 ± 0.185^a	0.099 ± 0.188^a	0.051 ± 0.125^a	0.092 ± 0.137^a
喜旱莲子草 Alternanthera philoxeroides	0.126 ± 0.211^a	0.022 ± 0.115^a	0.032 ± 0.105^a	-	0.091 ± 0.114^a	0.052 ± 0.137^a
三裂叶蟛蜞菊 Wedelia trilobata	0.126 ± 0.391^a	0.226 ± 0.173^b	0.029 ± 0.140^a	0.050 ± 0.169^a	0.179 ± 0.397^a	0.129 ± 0.140^a
银胶菊 Parthenium hysterophorus	0.085 ± 0.121^a	0.015 ± 0.002^a	0.112 ± 0.105^a	-	0.051 ± 0.125^a	0.092 ± 0.037^a
凤眼蓝 Eichhornia crassipes	-	-	0.025 ± 0.140^a	-	0.012 ± 0.021^a	-
微甘菊 Mikania micrantha	0.130 ± 0.125^a	0.085 ± 0.003^a	0.112 ± 0.115^a	-	0.075 ± 0.121^a	-
累计入侵频率 Accumulated frequency of plants invasions	2.936	2.675	2.212	1.601	2.930	2.486

入侵植物 Invasive plant species	植物入侵频率 Frequency of plants invasions
入侵植物 Invasive plant species	弃耕地 Abandoned land	种植园 Plantation	村落 Village	林缘 Forest edge	农田 Farmland	草地 Grassland
假臭草 Praxelis clematidea	0.709 ± 0.519^a	0.946 ± 0.472^a	0.485 ± 0.298^b	0.556 ± 0.529^bc	0.790 ± 0.451^bc	0.685 ± 0.218^b
含羞草 Mimosa pudica	0.502 ± 0.407^a	0.331 ± 0.357^a	0.274 ± 0.351^ab	0.204 ± 0.430^a	0.592 ± 0.455^c	0.474 ± 0.250^ab
飞机草 Chromolaena odorata	0.749 ± 0.493^a	0.701 ± 0.465^a	0.628 ± 0.326^a	0.556 ± 0.529^a	0.733 ± 0.459^a	0.771 ± 0.226^a
苏门白酒草 Conyza sumatrensis	0.273 ± 0.431^a	0.339 ± 0.443^a	0.291 ± 0.394^a	0.186 ± 0.347^a	0.355 ± 0.527^a	0.191 ± 0.094^a
假高粱 Pseudosorghum fasciculare	0.118 ± 0.211^a	-	0.112 ± 0.185^a	-	0.051 ± 0.125^a	-
马缨丹 Lantana camara	0.118 ± 0.211^a	0.025 ± 0.092^a	0.112 ± 0.185^a	0.099 ± 0.188^a	0.051 ± 0.125^a	0.092 ± 0.137^a
喜旱莲子草 Alternanthera philoxeroides	0.126 ± 0.211^a	0.022 ± 0.115^a	0.032 ± 0.105^a	-	0.091 ± 0.114^a	0.052 ± 0.137^a
三裂叶蟛蜞菊 Wedelia trilobata	0.126 ± 0.391^a	0.226 ± 0.173^b	0.029 ± 0.140^a	0.050 ± 0.169^a	0.179 ± 0.397^a	0.129 ± 0.140^a
银胶菊 Parthenium hysterophorus	0.085 ± 0.121^a	0.015 ± 0.002^a	0.112 ± 0.105^a	-	0.051 ± 0.125^a	0.092 ± 0.037^a
凤眼蓝 Eichhornia crassipes	-	-	0.025 ± 0.140^a	-	0.012 ± 0.021^a	-
微甘菊 Mikania micrantha	0.130 ± 0.125^a	0.085 ± 0.003^a	0.112 ± 0.115^a	-	0.075 ± 0.121^a	-
累计入侵频率 Accumulated frequency of plants invasions	2.936	2.675	2.212	1.601	2.930	2.486

入侵种 Invasive plants species	盖度等级 Coverage grade	占入侵样方比例 Ratio of the invaded plot	入侵植物盖度等级与入侵频率的相关性 Relationship between frequency of plant invasions and degree of community coverage
入侵种 Invasive plants species	盖度等级 Coverage grade	占入侵样方比例 Ratio of the invaded plot	草地 Grassland	林缘 Forest edge	弃耕地 Abandoned land	村落 Village	农田 Farmland	种植园 Plantation
飞机草 Chromolaena odorata	1%-20%	66%	-0.792^*	-0.912^**	-0.783^*	-0.725^*	-0.860^**	-0.596
	21%-40%	21%
	41%-60%	9%
	≥61%	5%
含羞草 Mimosa pudica	1%-20%	80%	-0.780^*	-0.661^*	-0.629	-0.710^*	0.682^*	-0.564
	21%-40%	7%
	41%-60%	13%
	≥61%	-
假臭草 Praxelis clematidea	1%-20%	66%	-0.788^*	-0.739^*	0.139^*	-0.621	-0.702^*	-0.893
	21%-40%	19%
	41%-60%	5%
	≥61%	10%
苏门白酒草 Conyza sumatrensis	1%-20%	91%	-0.484	-0.688	-0.729	0.661	-0.600	0.688
	21%-40%	9%
	41%-60%	-
	≥61%	-
马缨丹 Lantana camara	1%-20%	60%	-0.600	-0.899	-0.612^**	-0.544^*	-0.563	-0.672
	21%-40%	24%
	41%-60%	11%
	≥61%	5%
三裂叶蟛蜞菊 Wedelia trilobata	1%-20%	36%	-0.600^*	0.403	0.231	0.243	0.356	0.900^**
	21%-40%	7%
	41%-60%	7%
	≥61%	50%