Oreocharis xieyongii, an unusual new species of Gesneriaceae from western Hunan, China

doi:10.1016/j.pld.2021.11.008

Abstract

Abstract: A new species, Oreocharis xieyongii T. Deng, D.G. Zhang & H. Sun, from Hunan Province, central China, is described. The combination of purple zygomorphic corolla with longer adaxial lobes and exserted stamens defines the species and discriminates it from all other current Oreocharis species. Morphological traits of the new species were compared to those of two similar species, Oreocharis xiangguiensis and O. rubrostriata. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that the new species is nested within the Oreocharis. Although only half of Oreocharis species were included in our study, evolutionary character analysis indicates that the ancestral states of the genus are likely the purple corolla, longer abaxial lip and inserted stamens. The longer adaxial lip is perhaps an apomorphy and only present in O. xieyongii and O. rubrostriata. Both morphological and molecular evidence suggest that O. xieyongii is a taxon new to science.

Key words: China, Gesneriaceae, Morphology, Phylogeny, Taxonomy

Zhen-Yu Lv, Ziyoviddin Yusupov, Dai-Gui Zhang, Ya-Zhou Zhang, Xiao-Shuang Zhang, Nan Lin, Komiljon Tojibaev, Hang Sun, Tao Deng. Oreocharis xieyongii, an unusual new species of Gesneriaceae from western Hunan, China[J]. Plant Diversity, 2022, 44(02): 222-230.

References

Alexandros, S., 2014. RAxML version 8: a tool for phylogenetic analysis and postanalysis of large phylogenies. Bioinformatics 30, 1312-1313. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btu033.
Bentham, G., 1876. Gesneriaceae. In: Bentham, G., Hooker, J.D. (Eds.), Genera Plantarum 2. Reeve & Co., London, pp. 990-1025.
Cai, L., Guo, Y., Zhang, R.M., et al., 2019. Oreocharis panzhouensis (Gesneriaceae), a new species from karst regions in Guizhou, China. Phytotaxa 393, 287-291.
Cai, L., Liu, F.P., Yi, X.B., et al., 2020. Oreocharis wumengensis, a new species of Gesneriaceae from northeastern Yunnan, China. PhytoKeys 157, 113-119.
Chen, G.X., Liu, S.B., Ao, C.Q., et al., 2003. On endemic genera to China of spermatophytic flora from Mt. Wulingshan region. Acta. Bot. Boreali-Occ. 24, 865-871. https://doi.org/10.3321/j.issn:1000-4025.2004.05.020.
Chen, W.H., Shui, Y.M., Yang, J.B., et al., 2014. Taxonomic status, phylogenetic affinities and genetic diversity of a presumed extinct genus, Paraisometrum W.T. Wang (Gesneriaceae) from the Karst Regions of Southwest China. PLoS One 9, e107967. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0107967.
Chen, W.H., Zhang, Y.M., Guo, S.W., et al., 2020a. Reassessment of Bournea Oliver(Gesneriaceae) based on molecular and palynological evidence. PhytoKeys 157, 27-41. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.157.55254.
Chen, W.H., Zhang, Y.M., He, D.M., et al., 2020b. Four new species of Oreocharis(Gesneriaceae) in Yunnan province, China. PhytoKeys 157, 83-99.
Darriba, D., Taboada, G.L., Doallo, R., et al., 2012. jModelTest 2: more models, new heuristics and parallel computing. Nat. Methods 9, 772. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.2109.
Du, C., Liao, S., Boufford, D.E., et al., 2020. Twenty years of Chinese vascular plant novelties, 2000 through 2019. Plant Divers. 42, 393-398.
Fenster, C.B., Armbruster, W.S., Wilson, P., et al., 2004. Pollination syndromes and floral specialization. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst. 35, 375-403.
Fu, Q., Xia, Y., Guo, Y., et al., 2019a. Oreocharis odontopetala, a new species of Gesneriaceae from Guizhou, China. PhytoKeys 124, 1-9.
Fu, Q., Guo, Y., Huang, R., et al., 2019b. Oreocharis ovatilobata (Gesneriaceae), a new species from Guizhou, China. Ann. Bot. Fenn. 56, 259-265. https://doi.org/10.5735/085.056.0411.
Grant, V., 1950. The flower constancy of bees. Bot. Rev. 16, 379-398. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02869992.
Guo, Z.Y., Li, Z.Y., Xiang, X.G., 2018. Oreocharis duyunensis (Gesneriaceae), a new species from Guizhou, China. Nord. J. Bot. 36, e01514. https://doi.org/10.1111/njb.01514.
Ho, P.H., 2000. Gesneriaceae. In: Ho, P.H. (Ed.), An Illustrated Flora of Vietnam, vol. 3. Ho Chi Minh City Youth Publishing House, Ho Chi Minh City, pp. 12-29.
IUCN Standards and Petitions Subcommittee, 2019. Guidelines for using the IUCN red list categories and criteria. Ver. 13, 113.
Jiang, N., Huang, Y., He, J.Y., et al., 2020. Quantity and distribution of nature protected areas in the Wuling Mountains Region. Int. J. Ecol. 9, 159-172. https://doi.org/10.12677/IJE.2020.92020.
Katoh, K., Standley, D.M., 2013. MAFFT multiple sequence alignment software version 7: improvements in performance and usability. Mol. Biol. Evol. 30, 772-780. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mst010.
Li, Z.Y., Wang, Y.Z., 2004. Plants of Gesneriaceae in China. Henan Science & Technology Publishing House, Zhengzhou, p. 721.
Liao, W.B., Ao, C.Q., Liu, W.Q., et al., 2002. Study on character and feature of seed plants flora of Wuling Mountains region. Bull. Bot. Res. 22, 98-120. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-5102.2002.01.024.
Ling, S.J., Guan, S.P., Wen, F., et al., 2020. Oreocharis jasminina (Gesneriaceae), a new species from mountain tops of Hainan Island, South China. PhytoKeys 157, 121-135.
Ling, S.J., Meng, Q.W., Tang, L., et al., 2017. Pollination syndromes of Chinese Gesneriaceae: a comparative study between Hainan island and neighboring regions. Bot. Rev. 83, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12229-017-9181-6.
Maddison, W.P., Maddison, D.R., 2018. Mesquite: a modular system for evolutionary analysis, version 3.61. http://mesquiteproject.org/.
Martén-Rodríguez, Quesada, M., Castro, A.A., Lopezaraiza-Mikel, M., Fenster, C.B., 2015. A comparison of reproductive strategies between island and mainland Caribbean Gesneriaceae. J. Ecol. 103, 1190-1204. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.12457.
Möller, M., Forrest, A., Wei, Y.G., et al., 2011a. A molecular phylogenetic assessment of the advanced Asiatic and Malesian didymocarpoid Gesneriaceae with focus on non-monophyletic and monotypic genera. Plant Syst. Evol. 292, 223-248.https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-010-0413-z.
Möller, M., Middleton, D., Nishii, K., et al., 2011b. A new delineation for Oreocharis incorporating an additional ten genera of Chinese Gesneriaceae. Phytotaxa 23, 1-36. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.23.1.1.
Möller, M., Wei, Y.G., Wen, F., et al., 2016. You win some you lose some: updated generic delineations and classification of Gesneriaceae - implications for the family in China. Guihaia 36, 44-60. https://doi.org/10.11931/guihaia.gxzw201512015.
Möller, M., Nampy, S., Janeesha, A.P., et al., 2017. The Gesneriaceae of India: con-sequences of updated generic concepts and new family classification. Rheedea 27, 23-41. https://doi.org/10.22244/rheedea.2017.27.1.5.
Möller, M., Atkins, H.J., Bramley, G.L.C., et al., 2018. Two new species of Oreocharis(Gesneriaceae) from northern Vietnam. Edinb. J. Bot. 75, 309-319. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0960428618000148.
Möller, M., 2019. Species discovery in time: an example from Gesneriaceae in China. Guangxi Sci. 26, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.13656/j.cnki.gxkx.20190307.002.
Ohwi, J., 1965. Gesneriaceae. In: Meyer, F.G., Walker, E.H. (Eds.), Flora of Japan. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., pp. 812-813
Pan, B., Tang, G.D., Do, T.V., et al., 2019. Oreocharis tetrapterus (Gesneriaceae), a new species from east Guangxi, China. PhytoKeys 131, 83-89.
Pellegrin, F., 1930. Gesneriaceae. In: Lecomte, H. (Ed.), Flore générale de L’IndoChine, vol. 4. Masson & Cie., Paris, pp. 487-565.
Qin, W.H., Ding, D.D., Li, Z.L., et al., 2020. Oreocharis flavovirens, a new species of Gesneriaceae from southern Gansu province, China. PhytoKeys 157, 101-112.
Rodriguez-Girones, M.A., Santamaria, L., 2004. Why are so many bird flowers red? PLoS Biol. 2, e350. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0020350.
Ronquist, F., Uelsenbeck, J.P., 2003. MrBayes 3: Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models. Bioinformatics 19, 1572-1574. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btg180.
Rosas-Guerrero, Víctor, Aguilar, Ramiro, Martén-Rodríguez, Silvana, et al., 2014. A quantitative review of pollination syndromes: do floral traits predict effective pollinators? Ecol. Lett. 17, 388-400. https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.12224.
Tur, C., Olesen, J.M., Traveset, A., 2015. Increasing modularity when downscaling net-works from species to individuals. Oikos 124, 581-592. https://doi.org/10.1111/oik.01668.
Wang, W.T., Pan, K.Y., Li, Z.Y., 1990. Gesneriaceae. In: Wang, W.T. (Ed.), Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae, vol. 69. Science Press, Beijing, pp. 141-271.
Wang, W.T., Pan, K.Y., Li, Z.Y., et al., 1998. Gesneriaceae. In: Wu, Z.Y., Raven, P.H.(Eds.), Flora of China, vol. 18. Science Press and St. Louis: Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing, pp. 268-272.
Wei, Y.G., Wen, F., Möller, M., et al., 2010. Gesneriaceae of South China. Guangxi Science and Technology Publishing House, Yanshan, Guilin, Guangxi, p. 777.
Wen, F., Li, S., Xin, Z.B., et al., 2019. The updated plant list of Gesneriaceae in China under the new Chinese naming rules. Guangxi Sci. 26, 37-63. https://doi.org/10.13656/j.cnki.gxkx.20190225.002.
Wu, Z.Y., 1991. Gesneriaceae. Flora Yunnanica, vol. 5. Science Press, Beijing, pp. 512-687.
Yang, L.E., Cen, H.F., Sun, H., et al., 2019. Oreocharis rubrostriata (Gesneriaceae), a new species from Guangxi, China. Kew Bull. 74, 23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12225-019-9810-9.
Yang, L.H., Wen, F., Kong, H.H., et al., 2020. Two new combinations in Oreocharis(Gesneriaceae) based on morphological, molecular and cytological evidence. PhytoKeys 157, 43-58.

[1]	Lei Huang, Fang-Dong Geng, Jing-Jing Fan, Wei Zhai, Cheng Xue, Xiao-Hui Zhang, Yi Ren, Ju-Qing Kang. Evidence for two types of Aquilegia ecalcarata and its implications for adaptation to new environments [J]. Plant Diversity, 2022, 44(02): 153-162.
[2]	Changkyun Kim, Dong-Kap Kim, Hang Sun, Joo-Hwan Kim. Phylogenetic relationship, biogeography, and conservation genetics of endangered Fraxinus chiisanensis (Oleaceae), endemic to South Korea [J]. Plant Diversity, 2022, 44(02): 170-180.
[3]	Zheng-Yu Zuo, Ting Zhao, Xin-Yu Du, Yun Xiong, Jin-Mei Lu, De-Zhu Li. A revision of Dryopteris sect. Diclisodon (Dryopteridaceae) based on morphological and molecular evidence with description of a new species [J]. Plant Diversity, 2022, 44(02): 181-190.
[4]	Ying-Min Zhang, Li-Jun Han, Cong-Wei Yang, Zi-Li Yin, Xing Tian, Zi-Gang Qian, Guo-Dong Li. Comparative chloroplast genome analysis of medicinally important Veratrum (Melanthiaceae) in China: Insights into genomic characterization and phylogenetic relationships [J]. Plant Diversity, 2022, 44(01): 70-82.
[5]	Zhi-Jian Yin, Ze-Huan Wang, Norbert Kilian, Ying Liu, Hua Peng, Ming-Xu Zhao. Mojiangia oreophila (Crepidinae, Cichorieae, Asteraceae), a new species and genus from Mojiang County, SW Yunnan, China, and putative successor of the maternal Faberia ancestor [J]. Plant Diversity, 2022, 44(01): 83-93.
[6]	Hua Zhu, Peter Ashton, Bojian Gu, Shisun Zhou, Yunhong Tan. Tropical deciduous forest in Yunnan, southwestern China: Implications for geological and climatic histories from a little-known forest formation [J]. Plant Diversity, 2021, 43(06): 444-451.
[7]	Xia-Ying Ye, Yu-Xiao Zhang, De-Zhu Li. Two new species of Yushania (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) from South China, with a taxonomic revision of related species [J]. Plant Diversity, 2021, 43(06): 492-501.
[8]	Qiang Liu, Ji-Dong Ya, Xun-Feng Wu, Bing-Yi Shao, Kuan-Bo Chi, Hai-Lei Zheng, Jian-Wu Li, Xiao-Hua Jin. New taxa of tribe Gastrodieae (Epidendroideae, Orchidaceae) from Yunnan, China and its conservation implication [J]. Plant Diversity, 2021, 43(05): 420-425.
[9]	Bing-Hua Chen, Xiao-Hua Jin. Neottia wuyishanensis (Orchidaceae: Neottieae), a new species from Fujian, China [J]. Plant Diversity, 2021, 43(05): 426-431.
[10]	Ji-Dong Ya, Ting Zhang, Tirtha Raj Pandey, Cheng Liu, Zhou-Dong Han, De-Ping Ye, De-Ming He, Qiang Liu, Lan Yang, Li Huang, Rong-Zhen Zhang, Hong Jiang, Jie Cai. New contributions to Goodyerinae and Dendrobiinae (Orchidaceae) in the flora of China [J]. Plant Diversity, 2021, 43(05): 362-378.
[11]	Jian-Wu Li, Ji-Dong Ya, De-Ping Ye, Cheng Liu, Qiang Liu, Rui Pan, Zai-Xing He, Bo Pan, Jie Cai, Dong-Liang Lin, Xiao-Hua Jin. Taxonomy notes on Vandeae (Orchidaceae) from China: Five new species and two new records [J]. Plant Diversity, 2021, 43(05): 379-389.
[12]	Dong-Liang Lin, Ji-Dong Ya, André Schuiteman, Chong-Bo Ma, Cheng Liu, Xue-Lian Guo, Shi-Si Chen, Xi-Long Wang, Zhi-Rong Zhang, Wen-Bin Yu, Xiao-Hua Jin. Four new species and a new record of Orchidinae (Orchidaceae: Orchideae) from China [J]. Plant Diversity, 2021, 43(05): 390-400.
[13]	Ji-Dong Ya, Dong-Liang Lin, Zhou-Dong Han, Lei Cai, Zhi-Rong Zhang, De-Ming He, Xiao-Hua Jin, Wen-Bin Yu. Three new species of Liparis s.l. (Orchidaceae: Malaxideae) from Southwest China based on morphological characters and phylogenetic evidence [J]. Plant Diversity, 2021, 43(05): 401-408.
[14]	Jia-Xin Yang, Shuai Peng, Jun-Jie Wang, Shi-Xiong Ding, Yan Wang, Jing Tian, Han Yang, Guang-Wan Hu, Qing-Feng Wang. Morphological and genomic evidence for a new species of Corallorhiza (Orchidaceae: Epidendroideae) from SW China [J]. Plant Diversity, 2021, 43(05): 409-419.
[15]	Hong Qian, Yi Jin. Are phylogenies resolved at the genus level appropriate for studies on phylogenetic structure of species assemblages? [J]. Plant Diversity, 2021, 43(04): 255-263.